Exam 1 Flashcards
Who started the Harvard fatigue Laboratory?
L.J. Henderson
Who invited the Douglas bag?
C.G. Douglas
Who of the following won a Nobel prize?
A) A.V. Hill
B) Otto Meyerhof
C) August Krogh
All of the above
Who was the director of the Harvard Fatigue Lab from 1927-1947?
D.B. Dill
Which president created the Presidential Fitness Award?
Lyndon B. Johnson
Jacob is running at 6 miles per hour with a constant VO2 of 38 ml/kg/min. VO2 remaining constant during exercise is an example of…
Steady State
Adaptation refers to cells adapting to environmental stresses such as heat or cold. True or False?
False
During the first five seconds of intense exercise which energy system is primarily being used?
Phosphagen system
VO2 max can be improved with training. True or False?
True
Incremental exercise can be used to examine patients for heart disease. True or False?
True
Which of the following are part of a biological control system? A) receptor B) control center C) effector D) all of the above
All of the above
In which signaling mechanism does a cell release a chemical messenger which travels to nearby cells to cause a response?
Paracrine signaling
Office A and office B are located in close proximity. The thermostat for both offices is located in office A. The person in office A comes in one morning and discovers that his office is cold. Instead of running up the thermostat, like someone with any common sense would do, he opens the window of his office to let in the ridiculous Alabama heat. Meanwhile, office B proceeds to get colder and colder. What type of feedback would cause office B to become colder?
Negative feedback
Anabolic metabolism refers to the synthesis of molecules. True or False?
True
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
Enzymes cause metabolic reactions to occur. True or False?
False
What does the Q10 effect refer to?
An increase of temperature 10 degrees Celsius that doubles metabolic reaction rate.
How many non-essential amino acids are in the human body?
11
Which enzyme catalyzes the following reaction: ATP > ADP + Pi ?
ATPase
What is the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase (PFK-1)
In the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction going from pyruvate to lactate NADH serves as a reducing agent. True or False?
Pyruvate > NADH>NAD+ Lactate
True
Which of the following stimulate the rate limiting enzyme of the Krebs cycle? A) ATP B) NADH C) Decreased pH D) All of the above E) None of the above
None of the above
How many ATP can be formed from 1 molecule of NADH in glycolysis?
2.25
At which complex does FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?
Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase)
Stearic acid is an 18 carbon fatty acid. Metabolism of this fatty acid would generate how many ATP?
117.75
During weight lifting 0% of the aerobic system is being utilized. True or False?
False
Which of the following stimulates the rate limiting enzyme of beta oxidation? A) Acetyl-coA B) A decrease in pH C) ADP D) None of the above
None of the above
Ergometry is the measure of work output. True or False?
True
Open circuit spirometry: A) allows inhalation of ambient air B) does not allow inhalation of ambient air C) is a form of direct calorimetry D) all of the above
Is a form of direct calorimetry
Direct calorimetry: A) measures oxygen consumption B) measures heat production C) measures carbon dioxide production D) all of the above
Measures heat production
A calorie is the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius. True or False?
True
A subject runs horizontally on a treadmill at 0 percent grade. She weighs 50 kg and runs at 8 miles per hour for 15 minutes. How much work has she completed?
No work is being done.
The formula for power is work divided by time. True or False?
True
What is a metabolic equivalent (MET)?
3.5 ml/kg/min
VO2 can be estimated while running on a treadmill because…
VO2 and speed have a linear relationship.
Boyle’s Gas Law…
States that volume and pressure of gas are inversely proportional (P1V1=P2V2).
Caleb is running on a treadmill at 6.9 mph. His VO2 is 30 ml/kg/min. How many METS is he working at?
8.6 METS (30 ml/kg/min divided by 3.5 ml/kg/min (a MET))
Which of the following represents percent mechanical efficiency?
(Work output/ energy expended above unloaded cycling) x 100
Which of the following influences exercise efficiency? A) work rate B) speed if movement C) fiber composition of muscle D) all of the above E) none of the above
All of the above
A runner with good running economy will require a lower VO2 at any given speed compared to a non-economical runner. True or False?
True
Which of the followings part of the repaid portion of EPOC? A) elevated heart rate B) elevated breathing rate C) elevated body temperature D) all of the above E) none of the above
None of the above
During oxygen deficit what energy system(s) is (are) mainly producing ATP?
A) Krebs Cycle
B) Electron Transport Chain
C) ATP-PC (phosphagen/ immediate energy system)
D) Glycolysis
E) Both c and d
Both c and d
ATP-PC and Glycolysis
Lactic acid causes muscle soreness. True or False?
False
Which of the following is an indicator that VO2 max has been reached?
A) Volitional fatigue
B) blood lactate levels less than 3 mM
C) respritory exchange ratio Less than 1.0
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Volitional fatigue (the other numbers are incorrect)
The exercise intensity at which lactate threshold occurs can be increased with training. True or False?
True
Lactic acid:
A) can be metabolized by skeletal muscles and the heart
B) is removed from the blood quicker with light intensity exercise compared to rest
C) can be converted to glucose
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
All of the above
Excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is lower following high intensity exercise compared to following low intensity exercise. True or False?
False
Which of the following causes lactate threshold?
A) accelerated glycolysis
B) recruitment of fast twitch muscle fibers
C) reduced rate of lactate removal from the blood
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
All the above
When does respiratory exchange ratio (RER) reflect respiratory quotient (RQ)?
Under steady state conditions
Which of the following causes “upward drift” during prolonged exercise?
A) decreased temperature
B) increased levels of epinephrine/ norepinephrine
C) increased temperature
D) both b and c
E) none of the above
Both b and c
