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Exercise Physiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

0
Q 
Which of the following causes skeletal muscle vasodilation via autoregulation?
A) decreased O2 tension
B) increased CO2 tension
C) increased potassium levels
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
A

All of the above

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1
Q

As exercise intensity increases vasodilation organs also increases. True or False?

A

False

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2
Q

During exercise more capillaries in the muscle are open compared to rest. True or False?

A

True

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3
Q

Assuming the same workload, which type of exercise will cause the greatest heart rate and blood pressure?
A) running of a treadmill
B) cycling on a cycle ergometer
C) swimming in a pool
D) performing an arm crank using an arm ergometer

A

Performing an arm crank using an arm ergometer

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4
Q 
Which of the following cause cardiovascular drift?
A) rising body temperature
B) dehydration
C) low plasma volume
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
A

All of the above

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5
Q

Emotional influence does not change heart rate or blood pressure during submaximal exercise compared to being emotionally neutral at the same workload. True or False?

A

False

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6
Q

The signal to “turn on” the cardiovascular system at the onset of the exercise is likely to the Central Command Hypothesis. True or False?

A

True

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7
Q

The utilization of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by tissues refers to…

A

Cellular respiration

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8
Q

Which of the following is the main controller of breathing at rest?

A

Pre-Bötzinger complex

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9
Q

An exercising individual has an arterial blood pH of 7.0 (normal pH is 7.4). Which of the following will cause an increase in ventilation?
A) central chemoreceptors located in the medulla
B) carotid bodies
C) aortic bodies
D) all of the above
E) both b and c

A

Both b and c

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10
Q

Endurance training…

A

Improves the aerobic capacity of respiratory muscles

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11
Q

During maximal exercise (>90% VO2 max) respiratory muscle fatigue can occur. True or False?

A

True

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12
Q

Which of the following causes an increase in breathing rate during exercise in a normal (non-elite athlete) healthy individual?

A

A decrease in arterial pH.

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13
Q

Which class of hormones is lipid soluble and derived from cholesterol?

A

Steroid hormones

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14
Q 
The neuroendocrine system refers to which system(s)?
A) The neural system
B) The endocrine system
C) Both a and b
D) None of the above
A

Both a and b

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15
Q

The concentration of plasma epinephrine increases directly proportional to exercise intensity. True or False?

A

True

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16
Q

What is the primary sex steroid in females causing secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Estrogen

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17
Q

What is the primary sex steroid in males causing secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Testosterone

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18
Q 
Angiotensin II...
A) is a powerful vasoconstrictor
B) stimulates aldosterone secretion
C) stimulates thirst
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
A

All of the above

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19
Q

Aldosterone…
A) causes sodium reabsorption at the kidney
B) causes potassium excretion at the kidney
C) helps regulate blood volume and blood pressure
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

All of the above

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20
Q

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is located in the lungs. True or False?

A

True

21
Q

Surface tension in alveoli is relieved from surfactant produced by…

A

Type II alveolar cells

22
Q

Intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure during inspiration. True or False?

A

False

23
Q

Which of the following will cause the concentration of a hormone to increase?
A) decreased rate of metabolism of the hormone
B) an increased rate of metabolism of the hormone
C) an increase in plasma volume
D) an increased rate of hormone excretion

A

Decreased rate of metabolism of the hormone

24
Q

When exposed to high concentrations of hormones the number of receptors on the cell specific for the hormone may decrease in s process called…

A

Down regulation

25
Q 
Which of the following are considered second messengers?
A) calcium
B) cyclic AMP
C) diacylglycerol (DAG)
D) inositol triphosphate (IP3)
E) all of the above
A

All of the above

26
Q

Where is the major site for hormone metabolism?

A

The liver

27
Q

Which of the following mechanisms of actin do steroid hormones use?
A) membrane transport
B) altering activity of DNA in the nucleus
C) second messengers
D) tyrosine kinase

A

Altering activity of DNA in the nucleus

28
Q 
Which of the following hormones is secreted from the anterior pituitary?
A) oxytocin
B) antidiuretic hormone
C) growth hormone
D) all of the above
E) none if the above
A

Growth hormone

29
Q 
Growth hormone:
A) increases glyconeogenesis in the liver 
B) stimulates protein synthesis
C) causes fat mobilization 
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
A

All of the above

30
Q

Activation if what type of receptors will cause vasoconstriction?

A

➰1 (alpha 1) <rotate clockwise for alpha symbol

31
Q

Antidiuretic hormone:
A) is released in response to low plasma osmolality
B) is released in response to Hugh plasma volume
C) causes reabsorption of water in the kidneys
D) all of the above
E) none if the above

A

Causes reabsorption of water in the kidneys

32
Q 
Cortisol: 
A) blocks entry of glucose into tissue
B) mobilizes tissue amino acid
C) mobilizes free fatty acids 
D) mobilizes free fatty acids stimulates gluconeogenesis
E) all of the above
A

All of the above

33
Q 
Which of the following controls muscle glycogen breakdown?
A) epinephrine-cyclic AMP
B) Ca2+ -calmodulin
C) oxytocin 
D) all of the above
E) both a and b
A

Both a and b

34
Q

Insulin:
A) is secreted from B (beta) cells of the islets of Langerhans
B) allows transport of glucose into cells
C) is secreted in response to high glucose levels
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

All of the above

35
Q

Glucagon:
A) is secreted from ➰(alpha) cells of the islets of Langerhans
B) allows transport of glucose into cells
C) is secreted in response to high glucose levels
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

All of the above

36
Q

The rate of muscle glycogen breakdown is directly proportional to exercise intensity. True or False?

A

True

37
Q

What type of receptors is located in the bronchioles that bind epinephrine causing bronchiole dilation?

A

B2 (beta2) receptors

38
Q 
Spirometry cannot measure which of the following?
A) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
B) tidal volume (TV)
C) expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
D) functional residual capacity (FRC)
A

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

39
Q

Alveolar ventilation (Va):
A) is the volume of air remaining in the conducting airways
B) is the volume of air reaching the respiratory zone
C) is the volume of air that can go through gas exchange
D) both b and c

A

Both b and c

40
Q

During rest blood flow is at the apex of the lung in comparison to the base of the lung. True or False?

A

False

41
Q

Which of the following represents the ideal ventilation / perfusion ratio?

A

V/Q = 1.0

42
Q

How many milliliter of oxygen can one gram of fully saturated hemoglobin carry?

A

1.34 ml

43
Q

Explain the Bohr Effect.

A

A rightward shift in the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve due to increase PCO2

44
Q

Myoglobin:
A) can bind one oxygen molecule
B) carries oxygen from the muscle cell membrane to the mitochondria
C) has a higher affinity for oxygen compared to hemoglobin
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

All of the above

45
Q

What is the main way the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

A

Through the formation of bicarbonate

46
Q

A person begins to hyperventilate. The hyperventilation will eventually cause blood pH to…

A

Increase

47
Q

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen in arterial blood is well maintained during exercise. True or False?

A

True

48
Q

Hypoxemia:
A) occurs in 40-50% of elite athletes
B) May be caused by a ventilation/ perfusion mismatch
C) May be caused by a decreased red blood cell transit time around alveoli due to increased cardiac output
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

All of the above

49
Q 
Which of the following is/ are accessory muscle(s) for active expiration? 
A) scalenes
B) sternocleidomastoid 
C) external intercostals 
D) internal abdominal oblique
E) all of the above
A

Internal abdominal oblique

Exercise Physiology (4 decks)

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