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Exercise Physiology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

During high intensity exercise substrate utilization changes for mainly fat to mainly carbohydrate. This concept is called:

A

The crossover concept

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1
Q

Low intensity exercise is always best for metabolizing total fat calories. True or False?

A

False

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2
Q

Which of the following causes glucose to be utilized by muscle during high intensity exercise?
A) increase of pH
B) GLUT 4 translocation to the muscle cell membrane
C) greater use of type I muscle fibers
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

GLUT 4 translocation to the muscle cell membrane

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3
Q 
Which of the following causes fat to be utilized by muscle during long duration exercise?
A) increased glucagon levels
B) increase of pH
C) greater use of type I muscle fibers
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
A

All of the above

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4
Q

Endurance performance an be improved by supplementing with glucose. When exercising at 70 percent VO2 max for greater than 90 minutes what amount of glucose should be consumed on an hourly basis?

A

30-60 grams

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5
Q 
Which of the following are branched chain amino acids (BCAA)s?
A) alanine
B) leucine
C) phenylalanine
D) histidine
A

Leucine

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6
Q

During high intensity exercise (>75%VO2 max) what is the main fuel source for carbohydrates?

A

Muscle glycogen

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7
Q

The process of lactate being converted to glucose in the liver is refereed to as the Cori a Cycle. True or False?

A

True

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8
Q

Where on a neuron does an action potential begin?

A

Axon Hillock

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9
Q

During depolarization of a neuron which ion channels are open?

A

Sodium channels

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10
Q

Hyperpolarization is caused by the slow closing of sodium channels. True or False?

A

False

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11
Q 
Which of the following ions are high in concentration in the intracellular fluid of the cell?
A) potassium 
B) sodium
C) chloride
D) calcium
A

Potassium

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12
Q

Temporal summation refers to the summing of IPSPS and EPSPS on a post synaptic neuron from many presynaptic neurons. True or False?

A

False

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13
Q

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter that causes the opening of:

A

Chloride channels

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14
Q

Which motor neuron innervates the intrafusal fibers of muscle spindle?

A

Gamma motor neuron

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15
Q 
Your subject is performing a bench press. As she is pushing the weight her muscles suddenly relax and she drops the weight on her chest. Which of the following likely caused her muscles to relax?
A) muscle spindles
B) Golgi tendon organs (GTOs)
C) Muscle chemoreceptors 
D) Gamma motor neurons
A

Golgi tendon organs (GTOs)

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16
Q

What is the definition of a motor unit?

A

One motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

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17
Q

Which pattern represents the size principle in terms of motor unit recruitment?

A

Type I > Type IIa > Type IIx

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18
Q

The preganglionic fiber of the sympathetic nervous system is:

A

Cholinergic

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19
Q

Satellite cells:
A) are undifferentiated cells
B) can become nuclei within skeletal muscle
C) help support additional myonuclear domain
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

All of the above

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20
Q

The perimysium:

A

Surrounds fascicles

21
Q

Troponin

A

Contains a calcium binding state

22
Q

During muscle contraction the I band:

A

Becomes smaller

23
Q

End plate potentials (EPPs) are always excitatory. True or False?

A

True

24
Q

Which of the following represent central fatigue (fatigue of the central nervous system)?
A) increased ADP concentration
B) increased inorganic phosphate concentration (Pi)
C) decreased pH
D) depletion of neurotransmitters

A

Depletion of neurotransmitters

25
Q

Which ion stimulates the release to acetylcholine (Ach) from the alpha motor neuron?

A

Calcium

26
Q

Myosin is bound to actin while both the inorganic phosphate (Pi) and ADP are bound to myosin. Which binding state does this represent?

A

Weak binding state

27
Q

Which ion is responsible for excitation contraction coupling?

A

Calcium

28
Q

If ATP is not present during cross bridge cycling what will occur?

A

Rigor Mortis

29
Q

Dihydropyridine (DHP):

A

Is a voltage regulated calcium channel channel blocker

30
Q

The altered neuromuscular control hypothesis is the most likely explanation for the cause of muscle cramps. True or False?

A

True

31
Q

Which contractile property of muscle is the product of force and shortening velocity?

A

Maximum power output

32
Q

Oxidative capacity of muscle can be improved with training. True or False?

A

True

33
Q

Which muscle fiber type has the greatest myoglobin content?

A

Type I

34
Q

With training what is the progression of the shift in muscle fiber type?

A

Type IIx > Type IIa > Type I

35
Q 
Which of the following describes dynamic "isotonic" muscle contraction?
A) concentric
B) eccentric
C) isometric
D) none of the above
E) both a and b
A

Both a and b

36
Q

Which of the following occurs during the latent period of a muscle twitch?
A) calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
B) conformational change of troponin and tropomyosin
C) an action potential travels along the muscle sarcolemma
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

All of the above

37
Q

Increasing the strength of stimulus causes…
A) more motor neurons to be activated
B) fast twitch motor units to be activated
C) summation
D) both a and b
E) both a and c

A

Both a and b

38
Q

Why at high velocities does muscle produce less force?

A

Less time for myosin and actin interaction

39
Q

At any absolute force the velocity of concentration is greater in slow twitch muscle fibers. True or False?

A

False

40
Q

Veins…

A

Carry blood to the heart

41
Q

When blood leaves the right ventricle which valve does it pass through?

A

The pulmonary semilunar valve

42
Q

Pressure in the ventricle is higher than pressure in both the aorta and left atrium. Which valve will open?

A

The Aortic semilunar valve

43
Q

The 0.1 second delay between the p-waves and QRS complex is due to…

A

The AV node

44
Q

The Vagus nerve replaces acethylcholine at the SA node of the heart. What ion channel will open?

A

Potassium

45
Q 
Which of the following play a role with increased venous return?
A) sympathetic nervous system
B) contractility
C) afterload
D) parasympathetic nervous system
A

Sympathetic nervous system

46
Q

Contractility and Frank-Starling relationship are the same because they both increase the heart’s force of contraction. True or False?

A

False

47
Q

Hematocrit is:

A

The percentage of red blood cells in whole blood.

48
Q 
Which of the following plays the greatest role in resistance to blood flow? 
A) length of the blood vessel
B) viscosity of the blood
C) radius of the blood vessel 
D) preload
A

Radius of the blood vessel

49
Q

Stroke volume plateaus at about 40% VO2 max in the highly endurance trained individual. True or False?

A

False

Exercise Physiology (4 decks)

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