New Imperialism Flashcards
Types of imperialism
Military
Politically
Economically
Culturally
Causes of New Imperialism
Economic interests
Political/Military interests
“Humanitarian” Goals
Social Darwinism
Describe Economic Interests
Needed access to more natural resources like:
Oil, coal, rubber
Needed new markets to sell goods and place for growing population
Describe political/military interests
Merchant ships needed protection & bases to refuel
National Pride-couldn’t let other European countries seize foreign lands
Describe “Humanitarian” goals
Believed European had duty to spread ideas of western civilization
Christianity, medicine, law
Describe social Darwinism
Growing sense of Racial Superiority
Strongest races were destined to conquer weaker one. Nature’s way
Why did it succeed?
Weakness of non-western states
- old empires were in decline
- Ottoman China India
- slave trade negatively affected African Empires
Western advantages
Supportive gov’t &powerful militaries
Superior technology
Weapons & steamships
Colonies how did they rule
British=indirect rule
Local rulers to govern but encouraged children to get British education
French=direct rule
Sent official & officers to countries to impose French law and customs
Protectorates
Local rulers left in place but expected to follow advice from European advisors
Cheaper less force
Spheres of influence
Areas in which outside power claimed exclusive involvement/trade privileges
Europe-China
U.S. Latin America
Jihad
Holy struggle to purify Islam
Missionaries
Someone sent on a religious cause
Who was the first to colonize the Congo
King Leopold of Belgium
Berlin Conference
European leaders met to establish the rulers for African colonization
What land did France get
North west Africa as big as US
What did Britain get
Small and scattered: where most valuable resources were
Ethiopia
Only African country to remain free
What did Ethiopia’s king do? Menelik II
Modernized Built state-of-the-art roads and bridges Western style schools Imported newest weapons European trained his army.
Who ruled The Sikh Empire in India?
Ranjit Singh
Why did Britain gain power in India?
Exploited India Diversity
Various cultures customs languages made it hard for India to unite
British policies
BEIC goal to improve India and make money
Ended slavery/peace and maintained order/improved education/outlawed sati.
Sati
Windows must kill themselves when husband died-usually by fire
What are Indian soldiers called
Sepoys
What are Viceroys
People who ruled in India in name of British King
-built roads and huge rail networks
How did building railroads and road help
Easier to remove raw material/resources
Easier to sell British products throughout India
Famine
Mass starvation
Imperialism
Domination of one country by another.
