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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What Is MANIA?

A 
Militarism 
Alliance
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination
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2
Q

Definition: Militarism

A

Policy of building up and glorifying a strong military in preparation for war

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3
Q

Definition: alliance

A

Pledge to defend each other if conflict arose

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4
Q

Definition: nationalism

A

Extreme pride in one’s country

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5
Q

Definition: imperialism

A

Domination of one country by another

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6
Q

Definition: assassination

A

Murder of a political leader

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7
Q

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand:who. Where.

A

Who:Gavrilo Princip- member of Black Hands
Where:Schillers Cafe

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8
Q

Domino after Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A 
Austria Hungary blamed Servia for Ferdinand's death and declared war of Servia
Germany pledged support to Austria
Servia got Russia
Germany vs Russia
France allies Russia
France vs Germany
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9
Q

Who was in the Triple Entente?

A

France
Great Britain
Russia

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10
Q

Who was in the Triple Alliance?

A

Germany
Italy
Austria Hungary

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11
Q

Schlieffen’s Plan: what was it?

A

Designed to avoid a 2 front war. The idea was to move quickly against the French. Before Russia had time to mobilize.

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12
Q

Schlieffen’s Plan: Did it work? Why or why not?

A

It did not work because Russia mobilized a lot faster than expected

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13
Q

Stalemate

A

Neither side is able to defeat each other

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14
Q

Western vs Eastern Fronts:Differences in opponents

A

Western: Britain and France vs Germany

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15
Q

Western vs Eastern Fronts: Differences in techniques

A

W:Long deep trenches to protect armies from fire
E:Russia pushed deep into Germany

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16
Q

New Weapons and Technology

A 
Rapid-Fire Machine Guns
Long Range Artillery 
Poison Gas
Tanks
Aircraft 
  -airplanes
     -pilots known as aces had dogfights over battlefield 
  -zeppelins
Submarines(unterseeboot) u-boats
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17
Q

Ottoman Empire: why were they strategically important?

A

Location, cut supplies lines from Russia to other allies

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18
Q

Allied Powers?

A

Russia
France
Italy
Britain

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19
Q

Central Powers?

A

Germany
Ottoman Empire
Austria-Hungary

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20
Q

Total War?

A

Nations realized winning required use of of their resources. Ex drafting, rationing

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21
Q

Conscription

A

Required military service. All must sign up for the draft

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22
Q

Sinking of Lusitania: What happened? Why is it important?

A

Germany us d their submarines to sink this ship that had 128 Americans. Total death: 1200
Reason why US joined war

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23
Q

Propaganda

A

Spreading of ideas that promote a cause or damage an opponent
Ex. Poster urging civilians to save resources to help ration food and other products; conscription

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24
Q

US involvement: why did they get involved w/ Allies and difference made to the war?

A 
Got involved bc of:
Cultural ties
Germany broke promises
Zimmerman Note
Difference made:
Pushed Germans back and forced their surrender
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25
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: who was involved. What did it say?

A

Russia, Vldmir Lenin

Pulled Russia out of WWI after 3 yrs

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26
Q

Zimmerman Note

A

German proposal to Mexico that if they fought vs US Germany would help them reclaim lost territory

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27
Q

Wilsons 14 points: what, said, important

A 
List of terms to resolve WWI and future conflict
Freedom of the seas
Freedom of trade
No secret alliance 
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
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28
Q

Spanish Influenza: cause and results

A

Americans had the flu and it spread. The outbreak caused 20 million deaths worldwide in a few months

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29
Q

Reparations

A

Pay for war damage

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30
Q

Paris Peace conference:

Leaders and Goals

A

France: George Clemenceu- wanted to weaken Germany so it could not invade France again
Britain: David Lloyd George- wanted Germany to pay heavy reparations
Italy: Vittorio Orlando- wanted promised territory
US: Woodrow Willson- wanted 14 points especially League of Nations

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31
Q

Treaty of Versailles
Punishment for Germany
Success?

A

Germany has to pay heavy reparations
Severe military limits
Lost territory
No. WWII happened

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32
Q

League of Nations: USA

A

Not involved because US lawmaker voted against it. Didn’t want to join to avoid being in future wars. League weakened and had NO power to stop war.

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33
Q

Lebensraum

A

Living space

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34
Q

3rd Reich

A

Ideas that Germany would dominate for 1000 years. Did for 12

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35
Q

Der Furher

A

The leader

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36
Q

Appeasement

A

Giving into demands in order to keep peace

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37
Q

Aryan Race

A

“Perfect Race”
Blond hair
Blue eyes
Native German people

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38
Q

Post WWI:People reaction

A

Hated the Versailles Treaty and how they got all the blame. Hated Gov’t

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39
Q

Post WWI: Name of new Gov’t

A

Weimar Republic

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40
Q

Post WWI: Ruhr Valley. Why did the French take it back

A

Germany fell behind on reparation payments to French

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41
Q

Adolf Hitler: Background

A 
Born in Austria 
Fought in WWI
Wanted to be artist but got rejected to art school
Arrested for trying to overthrow Gov't
Wrote a book
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42
Q

Adolf Hitler: political party

A

Nazi Party. National Socialist Workers Party

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43
Q

Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf

A

My Struggle
Written in prison
Basis for Nazi beliefs

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44
Q

Munich Conference: involved and decision

A

Britain France and Germany

Brits and French gave appeasement

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45
Q

Nazi-Soviet pact

A

Russia and Germany secretly divided Poland

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46
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

Lightning war-striking a devastating blow to an enemy very quickly

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47
Q

Luftwaffe

A

German Airforce

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48
Q

Vichy France

A

“Puppet state” S France

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49
Q

Scorched Earth Campaign

A

Destroying anything of value so Nazis couldn’t use it

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50
Q

Maginot Line

A

Huge wall in France separating France and Germany. Failed.

51
Q

Hitler “backstabbing” USSR

A

Wanted their raw material- farms and forests
Crush communism
Operation Barborrosa
Advance in Russia and took Poland first

52
Q

Battle of Stalingrad

A

Soviet Union vs Nazi

Turning point of war between Germany and Russia

53
Q

What stopped Hitlers momentum in trying to conquer the USSR?

A

Scorched Earth Campaign and the cold winter

54
Q

D-Day

A

156,000 allied troops stormed into France and helped French stabling themselves again

55
Q

Tehran Conference

A

Allies agreed to finally open 2 front in Europe. Huge invasion of French coast planned

56
Q

Yalta Conference

A

Big 3 met to discuss post war goals:
Split Germany into zones of influence
Agreed Russia would help in Japan war 3 months after war

57
Q

Anti-semitism

A

Hatred/discrimination of Jews

58
Q

Gestapo

A

Secret police to identify Nazi enemies

59
Q

Kristallnacht

A

Night of Broken Glass-Gestapo and Nazi thugs destroyed Jewish stores homes and senagogues

60
Q

Einsatzgruppen

A

Mobile killing squad

61
Q

Genocide

A

Deliberate destruction of specific race or group of people

62
Q

At first how were Jews excluded from public life

A

Political- not allowed to hold office
Social- Jews not allowed to marry non-Jews
Economic- Jewish business were boycotted

63
Q

How did Nazis force Jews to identify themselves

A

ID cards with huge J
Given new middle names-Israel and Sarah
Forced to see the Star of David on all their clothing

64
Q

Other “undesirable” to Hitler

A

Homosexuals
Gypsies
Communist
Homeless

65
Q

Death camps:entry process and life

A

Jews forced into train cars and sent to camp

  • shaved their heads
  • Gave number tattoo
  • One set of clothes
  • Daily food
  • cup of “coffee”
  • rotten vegetables soup
  • piece of bread
  • maybe rotten sausage
66
Q

Name of gas used

A

Zyklon B

67
Q

Largest camp

A

Aushwitz

68
Q

Trials against Nazi officials

A

Nuremberg Trials
-Germans tried to say that they were just following orders. Idea was rejected and 12 Nazi defendants received death penalty

69
Q

Puppet State

A

“Independent” state under control of a powerful neighbor

70
Q

What was the name of the American that opened Japan up to the world?

A

Commodore Matthew Perry. US Navy

-1853 sailed into Tokyo Bay and forced to open markets

71
Q

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: “reason” for creation and reality

A

Said they wanted to liberate Asia from Europe

Just needed the resources

72
Q

US response to Japanese expansion

A

US began limiting trade to “punish” them

  • banned selling scrap iron steel to them
  • froze Japanese financial assets
  • cut off soil shipments
73
Q

Hideki Tojo: who? What did he want with US

A

Prime minister of Japan

Wanted war with US and began preparing for one

74
Q

Attack on Pearl Harvor

A
  • Japan bombed Hawaii w/ 180 planes, 6 aircrafts, 20 other ships
  • goal: knockout blow before US could respond
  • results in 2 hrs killed 2400 and killed 1200
  • damaged or destroyed 200 US war planes
  • sunk or damage 800 war ships including 8/9 battleship
75
Q

Island Hopping: what? Why? Work?

A

Selectively attacking specific islands while ignoring others. To cut supplies and reinforcements lines allow Americans to move quickly to their ultimate goal- home island of Japan
Yes

76
Q

Manhattan Project

A

Started by: Germany-Albert Einstein
Led by: Robert Oppenheimer
Goal: atomic bomb to defeat Hitler
Work: partially- were able to created but did not get to use it on Hitler like they wanted to

77
Q

Dropping Atomic Bomb: necessary?

A

Thought it was necessary because the alternatives were
-Mass invasion of Japan
-Navel blockades and conventional bombing
-Drop bomb on deserted island near Japan to show strength
-soften allies demand
Drop it and kill two birds with one stone

78
Q

Dropping Atomic Bomb: where was it dropped?

A

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

79
Q

In which city did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand take place?

A

Sarajevo

80
Q

Divine Right

A

The right to rule was given by God

81
Q

Armada

A

A fleet of ships

82
Q

Huguenots

A

French Protestants

83
Q

Westernization

A

Embrace of western technology, culture and ideas

84
Q

Boyars

A

Noble Russian landowners

85
Q

Missionaries

A

Someone sent for religious cause

86
Q

Famine

A

Mass starvation

87
Q

Sati

A

Widows were killed after their husbands died-usually by fire

88
Q

Sepoy

A

Indian soldiers

89
Q

Turnpike

A

A private toll road

90
Q

Entrepreneur

A

A person who manages and assumes the financial risk of new businesses

91
Q

Jethro Tull

A

Inventor of the seed drill

92
Q

James Watt

A

Improved the steam engine in the late 1700’s

93
Q

Laissez-faire

A

Philosophy where the government has a hands off approach to business

94
Q

Urbanization

A

The movement of people to cities

95
Q

Proletariat

A

Karl Marx’s name for the Industrial Working Class

96
Q

Tenement

A

An apartment building for the working class

97
Q

Anesthetics

A

Drugs that prevent pain during surgery

98
Q

Jeremy Bentham

A

British Philosopher and economist who advocated utilitarianism

99
Q

Utopia

A

A perfect, ideal society

100
Q

The Prince

A

Book that detailed how to gain and keep power and stressed that ends justify the means

101
Q

Heliocentric

A

Theory that the sun was the center of the universe and the Earth revolves around the sun

102
Q

Patron

A

A financial supporter of the arts

103
Q

Indulgences

A

Money paid to church to lessen a persons time in purgatory

104
Q

Theocracy

A

A government run by religious leaders

105
Q

Renaissance

A

A cultural awakening or rebirth

106
Q

Sect

A

A religious group that has broken away from an established church

107
Q

Ghetto

A

Separate sections of cities where usually only one ethnic group lives

108
Q

The Book of Coutier

A

Book that describes the Ideal Man

109
Q

Which of the following was NOT a major cause of European Imperialism?

A

D.)Communist ideology

110
Q

European overseas expansion was partly fuel by industrial companies need for this

A

A.) natural resources

111
Q

This type of colonial rule was mostly commonly practiced by Great Britain

A

A.) indirect rule

112
Q

Where was the conference that partitioned (broke up) Africa amongst European powers in 1884?

A

C.)Berlin

113
Q

Which country gained territorial holdings in Africa that were roughly the size of the United States?

A

A.) France

114
Q

The Sepoy Rebellion was caused by

A

B.) British insensitivity to Indian customs

115
Q

Why did Charles the V abdicate the Spanish throne in 1566?

A

D.)he thought that it was impossible to rule 2 empires

116
Q

In 1571 Spain defeated the Ottoman Empire in a great victory for the Spaniards and Catholicism at the Battle of

A

B.) Lepanto

117
Q

Miguel De Cervantes wrote ——, which is considered the Europe’s 1st modern novel

A

A.) Don Quixote

118
Q

In France, King Henry IV’s “Edict of Nantes” said that

A

C.) Huguenots were granted religious toleration

119
Q

French King Louis XIV gave himself this nickname

A

D.) The Sun King

120
Q

In France what was the Estates General

A

C.) a legislative body made up of all of France’s social classes

121
Q

Why did Peter the Great spend time in Western Europe?

A

D.) to learn about European technology and modernization

122
Q

What was the symbol of Peter’s absolute power and desire to create a modern Russia

A

B.) St Petersburg

123
Q

What word describes Catherine the Great

A

C.)enlightened and efficient

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