Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > Chapter 20: IR > Flashcards

Chapter 20: IR Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
1
Q

Anesthetics

A

1st used drug that prevented pain during surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Enclosure

A

Taking over and consolidating peasant land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Improved Farming Methods: what are they?

A

Fertilizer used to renew soil
Soil types mixed to produce more crops
Crop rotation
Seed drill invented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Improved Farming Methods: How did they make things easier/better

A

There was a bigger production of crops and more profit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Improved Farming Methods: How did it fuel the IR?

A

The population increased and there were enclosures causing many peasants to lose land and their jobs. Many people went to cities to find new jobs. ( Supply and Demand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Jethro Tull: What did he invent?

A

He invented seed drill to plant crops in a row.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Jethro Tull: How did the seed drill make farming easier?

A

He allowed more crop production and and more profit. It planted crops in a row.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Population increase during IR. Why?

A

The increase of food meant that people ate better->stay healthier. There was better sanitation and hygiene meaning less disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

James Watt: what did he invent? Why was it significant?

A

Steam engine, it becomes key power source of IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Iron Industry’s: what improvements in production iron lead to?

A

Allowed Iron to be produced faster and cheaper. 1st iron bridge introduced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enterprise

A

Business ventures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Capital

A

Money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Turnpike

A

Toll roads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Entrepreneur

A

Assume financial risk/reward of starting new business

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why Britain? What advantages did they have in leading the IR

A 
Geography. 
Natural Ports
Navigable rivers
Access to sea
Abundant natural resources 
Supportive Gov't
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why Britain? Navigable rivers?

A

Allowed construction of canals and better trade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why Britain: Access to sea?

A

Easy to establish travel and communication network. Transporting goods relatively cheap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why Britain: Abundant Natural Resources?

A

Plenty coal deposit

High concentration of iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why Britain: Supportive Government?

A

Strong navy

No tolls on travel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What industry did the IR 1st take hold?

A

Textile industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Putting-out-system: What was it?

A

Raw cotton distributed to peasants who spun it into thread and weave thread into clothes at their own homes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Putting-out-system: How/why did it end?

A

New inventions

23
Q

Spinning Jenny: what did it do and how did they advance the IR

A

Spun many threads at the same time. Sped up cotton production

24
Q

Flying Shuttle: what did it do? How did it advance the IR?

A

Enabled weaver to work faster. Sped up cloth production

25
Q

Eli Whitney: what did he invent what did it do? How did it change things?

A

Cotton Gin, separates seed from raw cotton. Cotton production sky rocketed and factories were born.

26
Q

Railroads: how did they help. Advantages?

A

Allowed people and goods to travel faster in places w/o water

27
Q

Canals: how did they help? Advantages?

A

Factories needed fast and cheap way of importing coal and raw materials

28
Q

1st Rail Line?

A

Liverpool to Manchester

29
Q

Urbanization

A

Movement of people to cities

30
Q

Tenements

A

Multistory apartment building. Very small and families lived in them.

31
Q

Industrial Middle Class

A

Merchants who invested in factories. Invented technology. “Rags To Riches”. No sympathy for poor. Furnished homes and fancy clothes. Kids had an education.

32
Q

Industrial working Class

A

Poor. Lived in tenements with no running water, sewage, sanitation. Contaminated drinking water spread disease. Children worked

33
Q

Harsh conditions in factories and mines.

A

Rigid schedules: 12-16 hrs a day 6/7 days a week. No breaks unless they had permission. No safety devices. Lung damage in textile mills.

34
Q

Child labor: Textile mills

A

Change spools of thread and repair broken pieces. Small and could fit in tight places.

35
Q

Child labor: mines

A

Open/close air vents, haul coal carts, fit tight places

36
Q

Factory acts: what were they? Who were they supposed to help

A

Help children by reducing the hours they worked to “only” 12 hrs. The law was never really enforced

37
Q

Luddites

A

Labor organization that resented being replaced by machines and rioted

38
Q

Methodism: who founded it?

A

John Wesley

39
Q

Methodism: what were its teachings and for what class were they intended?

A

Intended for Industrial working class. Stressed personal sense of faith and improve by adopting moral and sober ways.

40
Q

Results of IR? Blessing?

A

New factories +jobs
Wages rose
Railroad/steamships
Rise of population

41
Q

Results of IR: curse?

A 
Farmers kicked off land
Workers exploited 
-long hours
-horrible working conditions 
-child labor
42
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Laws should be judged by whether they bring more pleasure than pain. “The greatest happiness for the greater number”

43
Q

Socialism

A

People as a whole, not private individuals, own means of production.

44
Q

Communism

A

Classless society where all means of production is owed by community.

45
Q

Thomas Malthus: who was he? What did he believe?

A

British economists. Poverty was unavoidable. Only that could stop it is war, disease and famine. Believes proven wrong.

46
Q

Laissez-Faire

A

Government has “Hands-off” approach

47
Q

David Ricardo: What did he write and what did it say?

A

Iron Laws of Wages: wage increase would not help poor families instead encourage them to have more kids

48
Q

Jeremy Bentham: what did he believe?

A

Utilitarianism

49
Q

Karl Marx and Fredric Engels: writing, beliefs, thoughts

A

Communist Manifesto: Communism. Society was battle between Haves and Have Nots

50
Q

Proletariat:

A

Haves nots. industrial working class

51
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Haves-Industrial middle class

52
Q

Proletariat vs Bourgeoisie: who did Marx think would win?

A

Proletariat would take control of society

53
Q

Subsistence Farming

A

To grow enough food for themselves and their families, but not enough to sell

History (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions