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Path - Haematology > New Haem > Flashcards

New Haem Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

A

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome)

  • autosomal dominant condition
  • telangiectasia on the and mucous membranes, leading to epistaxis and GI bleeds
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2
Q

What are Howell-Jolly bodies?

A

Nuclear DNA remnants

found in circulating erythrocytes

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3
Q

What occurs to Howell-Jolly bodies normally?

A

erythrocytes expel nuclear DNA during maturation process within bone marrow;
the few erythrocytes containing Howell–Jolly bodies are removed by the spleen.

Common causes of Howell–Jolly bodies include
splenectomy secondary to trauma and autosplenectomy resulting from
sickle cell disease.

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4
Q

When would you see Howell Jolly bodies?

A

If there is NO SPLEEN to remove them!!

so in splenectomy (from trauma) or autosplenectomy from sickle cell disease

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5
Q

describe the rash in GvHD

A

maculopapular rash

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6
Q

what are symptoms of TRALI

A

dry cough
dyspnoea
fever

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7
Q

what does essential thrombocytosis present as?

A

DYSFUNCTIONAL thrombosis / bleeding

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8
Q

what are target cells

A

RBC - central dense area, ring of pallor

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9
Q

what are causes for target cells

A

hepatic pathology
hyposplenism
haemoglobinopathies

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10
Q

describe the fever in hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Fever >38

PEL-EBSTEIN FEVER = cyclical, every 1-2 weeks

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11
Q

explain what roleaux look like and why they occur

A

aggregation (stacking) of RBC

Occur in:

  • infections
  • inflammation: Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, inflammatory and connective tissue disorders
  • malignancy: multiple myeloma, cancers
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12
Q

How long should you give warfarin therapy in provoked vs unprovoked VTE

A

provoked: 3m
unprovoked: 6months

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13
Q

what is the drug cocktail for Multiple myeloma patients who are unsuitable for stem cell transplant?

A

MPT: melphalan, prednisolone, thalidomide

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14
Q

what is the drug cocktail for Multiple myeloma patients who ARE suitable for stem cell transplant?

A

Induction therapy with non-chemotherapeutic: Bortezomib, Thalidomide, and Dexamethasone

OR chemotherapeutic: Vincristine, Doxorubicin, and Dexamethasone

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15
Q

what is an indirect indicator of the rate of proliferation of hodgkin’s lymphoma, and therefore a poor prognostic factor?

A

Raised LDH

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16
Q

what is trusseau’s syndrome

A

aka thombophlebitis migrans

this is vessel inflammation that occurs with pancreatic cancer

17
Q

How do you approach investigating a pt with possible PE/DVT

A

Wells score!
if 2 or more > CTPA/VQ / USS
if 1 or less > D dimer

18
Q

what does NICE recommend you do in a person >60 with IDA and no explanation for it?

A

SUSPECTED CANCER PATHWAY - 2 week wait - for possible GI cancer

19
Q

In a patient on warfarin with heavy bleeding, what must you give to stop the bleeding and in what order?

A 
Vit K IV
Then PCC (Prothrombin Complex Concentrate)

You need vit K so that PCC can activate the clotting factors!

20
Q

What is tumour lysis syndrome

A

rapid death of tumour cells by chemotherapy > massive release of intracellular contents.

21
Q

What is the presentation of tumour lysis syndrome

A

2 days after high dose chemotherapy

present with dysuria/oliguria, abdominal pain, or weakness.

22
Q

What are ix for tumour lysis syndrome

A

U&E (K+ and PO high), Ca (low), uric acid (high)

ECG (metabolic abnormalities e.g. hyperkalaemia may precipitate life-threatening arrhythmias).

23
Q

How do you manage tumour lysis syndrome

A

Correct electrolyte abnormlaities

Hyperhydration

24
Q

when and how do you need to monitor LMWH

A

antiXa

if pregnant, Renal failure

25
Q

what is the function of HDL

A

picks up peripheral cholesterol

returns it to the liver (recycling, GOOD)

26
Q

WHAT IS THE function of LDL

A

deposits cholesterol in arterial walls

27
Q

What are two causes of spherocytes on blood film?

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

AIHA

28
Q

what disease can present with slate grey skin in late stages

A

haemochromatosis / wilson’s

29
Q

describe organs affected by haemochromatosis and symptoms caused

A

Accumulation of iron > toxicity of the liver, pancreas, joints, skin, heart, and endocrine organs

30
Q

describe organs affected by Wilson’s and symptoms caused

A

Accumulation of copper resulting in toxicity of the liver, kidneys, brain, eyes, heart, and red blood cells

31
Q

what CD receptor is used to r ecognise bone marrow cells?

A

CD 34

Path - Haematology (17 decks)

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