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new france Flashcards

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0
Q

When was the Royal government put into place by the king of France?

A

1663

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1
Q

Who has the most power in New France?

A

The governor

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2
Q

Who controls all internal matters according to the Royal government?

A

The intendant

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3
Q

Who is responsible for diplomatic relations in New France?

A

The governor

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4
Q

Who petitioned the king of France to ban the sell of alcohol to the Amerindian?

A

The Catholic Church Missionaries Bishop Jésuites

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5
Q

What power did the inhabitants have in the government?

A

No power. It wasn’t a democracy.

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6
Q

Who participated in the sovereign council?

A

Intendant, governor and the bishop

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7
Q

What did the French learn from the Amerindians?

A

Clothes made out of fur, canoe, toboggan, snowshoes, medicinal plants, survival during the winter, new Amerindian words, cure for scurvy, the geography of the territory.

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8
Q

Define absolute power.

A

When the king had all the power.

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9
Q

Define gallicanism.

A

When the king has power and influence over the church. The king decides everything.

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10
Q

What did the Church do in New France?

A

Took care of spiritual matters Health care Took care of the poor Convert the Amerindians

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11
Q

What was the main economic activity of New France?

A

The fur trade

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12
Q

What was the first resource exploited in New France?

A

The fishing trade

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13
Q

Why did the king of France decide to take control of his colony?

A

The One hundred associate company did not fulfill its obligations.

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14
Q

Why did the fur trading companies did not fulfill their obligations?

A

They didn’t want to spend money by bringing settlers to the colony. They just wanted to make as much profit as possible.

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15
Q

Who had the most influence over the population?

A

The Catholic Church

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16
Q

How did the clergy impose its authority and morality in New France?

A

People had to fast and spend most of their time praying. As well as confess their sins to the priest.

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17
Q

Why did the Catholic Church want to convert the Amerindians?

A

They wanted them to convert, because according to the Catholic Church the Amerindians did not have a religion.

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18
Q

How were houses built during the French régime?

A

Roofs were slanted to allow for snow removal. Most houses had two fire places, one at each end of the house, to keep the house warm.

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19
Q

How were traditions passed on in New France?

A

Orally or by using songs because the majority of the population was illeterate.

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20
Q

Define absolutism.

A

It is a political ideology in which the ruler of the country has absolute power. He is God’s representative on earth.

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21
Q

What means of transportation did the Canadiens adopt from the Amerindians?

A

Canoe Snowshoes Toboggan

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22
Q

Why did the Canadiens not identify themselves as being French?

A

-They lived far from the mother-country. -They were influenced by the Amerindians -They were most disobedient

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23
Q

For what reason did the king of France take back control of his colony?

A

Because the fur trading Companies did not fulfill their obligations to colonize and govern the colony.

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24
Q

What political system was put into place after 1663 in New France?

A

The Royal government

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25
Q

Identify the following person. He is responsible for overseeing the defence of the colony and the relations between the Amerindians?

A

The governor

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26
Q

According to the royal government, who is responsible for managing the budget, the economy and agriculture?

A

The intendant

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27
Q

Who is part of the sovereign council?

A

The sovereign council is comprised of the governor, the intendant and the bishop.

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28
Q

What is the main function of the sovereign council?

A

It is a court of law and has certain legislative powers.

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29
Q

What are the main methods that the state uses to control the population?

A

-The army -Public punishments -Shows of power

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30
Q

As of 1627, who was allowed to settle in New France?

A

The Catholics, no other religion was allowed in New France

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31
Q

What cultural aspects did the French adopt from the Amerindians?

A

-The technique of ambushing -Canoes -Toboggan -Snowshoes -Tobacco

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32
Q

In the 17th century, which Amerindian group had an alliance with the French?

A

The Hurons

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33
Q

To be able to partake in the fur trade, the governor and intendant granted what?

A

Licenses

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34
Q

What was the main economic activity of New France?

A

The fur trade

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35
Q

What caused the rivalry between France and Great Britain in North America?

A

The control of the fur trade (or fur trade territories) and for the control of the fishing territories.

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36
Q

Why does the fur trade discourage the settlement of the colony?

A

Because men were only needed. Very few women will settle in the colony.

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37
Q

After discovering New France, what economic activity was practiced by the Europeans?

A

Cod fishing (fishing)

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38
Q

Why was fish so important to the Europeans?

A

For religious reasons, the Catholics were prohibited to eat meat on Fridays and on religious holidays or Saints days.

39
Q

What are the products made of or derived from fish?

A

-Soap -Cosmetics -Paint -Medication -Fuel, oil

40
Q

What did the Amerindians trade in exchange for European products?

A

Fur

41
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

An economic theory that bases a nation’s prosperity on the accumulation of gold, silver and other products.

42
Q

Who destroyed Huronia in 1649 and why?

A

The Iroquois because they wanted to control the fur trade.

43
Q

Why was the territory of New France so vaste?

A

The French needed to travel further and further away to find fur.

44
Q

What were the colonies involved in the Triangular Trade?

A

-France -New France -West Indies

45
Q

When was the Royal government established?

A

In 1663

46
Q

According to the Royal government, who were the two most important people in the colony?

A
  1. The Governor
  2. The Intendant
47
Q

What was the main role of the governor?

A

To represent the king in the colony and to assure all diplomatic relations with the Amerindians and the 13 British colonies.

48
Q

Who was part of the Sovereign council?

A
  1. Governor
  2. Intendant
  3. Bishop
49
Q

What was the bishop’s role in the colony?

A

To ensure the sprititual wellbeing of the inhabitants of New France.

50
Q

What was the main role of the captain of militia?

A

To defend the colony and to train the militia.

51
Q

What were the 3 means of control the state had to control the population of New France?

A
  1. The army
  2. Public punishments
  3. Show of power
52
Q

During the Royal government, who held the highest position in the catholic church in New France?

A

The Bishop. The first bishop was François de Laval.

53
Q

When did the Royal government end?

A

In 1760, when the British conquered New France.

54
Q

During the 17th century, what was the relationship between the French and NAtives based on?

A

Alliances related to the fur trade.

55
Q

Who founded the city of Québec?

A

Samuel de Champlain in 1608

56
Q

Jean Talon wanted to increase the population of New France. Name 4 types of immigrants he brought over.

A
  1. The engagé (endentured workers)
  2. Filles du roi
  3. Volunteers
  4. Soldiers
57
Q

What was the name of the treaty signed by the Amerindians and the French?

A

The Great Peace Treaty of Montréal

58
Q

What was the main crop grown in New France?

A

Wheat

59
Q

To help with the economic trade, a road was created between Montréal and Québec City. What was this road called?

A

The “Chemin du Roy”

60
Q

Who worked for the Church and High Society in New France?

A

Artisans. The Church and High Society were the only ones able to pay for art during the French Régime.

61
Q

How was the land divided in New France?

A

Into seigneuries

62
Q

Who took measures to diversify the economy of New France?

A

Jean Talon, the first Intendant.

63
Q

Who did the French team up with to attack the Iroquois?

A

The Hurons

64
Q

Define mercantilism.

A

An economic policy in which a nation’s prosperity is based on the amount of gold and silver it can gather.

65
Q

Why was the territory of New France so vast?

A

The French needed to find more furs, so they travelled further and further to locate fur territories.

66
Q

Who are the coureurs de bois?

A

French men who went to Amerindian territory to get furs from the Amerindians and traded European goods for fur.

67
Q

What will the fur trade cause between France and Great Britain?

A

A rivalry

68
Q

Why were the roofs on the houses slanted in New France?

A

To premit the removal of snow.

69
Q

Define absolutism.

A

A government were the king has all the power.

70
Q

When the king has all the power, what is the name of this political structure?

A

Absolute monarchy

71
Q

When was the Royal government established?

A

In 1663

72
Q

Who is the most important person in the colony?

A

The governor because he represents the king in the colony.

73
Q

What is the main role of the captain of militia?

A

To train the militia and to defend the colony from attacks.

74
Q

Who made up the sovereign council?

A
  1. Bishop
  2. Intendant
  3. Governor
75
Q

What are the 3 main mean sof control the government uses to control its citizens?

A
  1. The army
  2. Public punishments
  3. Shows of power
76
Q

What institution has a strong influence on the daily lives of the citizens of New France?

A

The Catholic Church

77
Q

What took place in 1759?

A

The battle of the Plains of Abraham

78
Q

Is the Royal government a democracy?

A

No, the people have no say in the government.

79
Q

Who wanted all alcohol trade to be banned in the colony?

A

The Catholic Church

80
Q

What did the Europeans trade with the Amerindians before the end of the 17th century?

A

Europeans traded manufactured goods for fur, blankets, knifes, pots and pans, guns…

81
Q

Near the end of the 17th century, what did Amerindians want in exchange for furs?

A

They wanted guns and ammunitions in exchange for furs.

82
Q

What is the difference between Absolutism and Gallicanism?

A

In Absolutism, the king represents God on Earth and has strong connections with the Church, while in Gallicanism, since the king represents God, he has more power than the church and the king is in charge of the church.

83
Q

Why did the Catholics want to convert the Amerindians?

A

They believed that the Amerindians had no God and that it was their duty to guide them to the right religion.

84
Q

What are three characteristics of the Canadien house?

A
  1. They were positioned to gain maximum amount of sunlight and to resist the northern winds.
  2. Their roofs were slanted so that snow would fall off by gravity.
  3. They had two fire places, one on each side of the house.
85
Q

Which product allowed the expansion of the territory of New France?

A

Fur

86
Q

What animal was hunted for its fur?

A

The beaver

87
Q

Before 1534, where did the Basques and the Normands go fish?

A

Near the banks of Newfoundland and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

88
Q

What was the purpose of the fur trading companies?

A

They were to colonize the new colony in exchange for the monopoly on the fur trade.

89
Q

What was the purpose of the Filles du Roi?

A

They were sent to New France to help colonize the colony by increasing the birth rate.

90
Q

Why were trading posts put into place?

A

To facilitate the exchange of furs for manufactured products.

91
Q

Other than trading fur and goods, what other use did the trading posts have?

A

It was a place to trade information and military assistance.

92
Q

Explain the beaver crisis.

A

Beaver pelts were no longer in fashion and in high demand, so many trading posts were unable to sell the furs…thus the furs rotted and several trading posts lost money.

93
Q

What caused the rivalry between France and Great Britain?

A

The fur trade

94
Q

Identify new crops encouraged by Jean Talon.

A
  1. cereals
  2. vegetables
  3. domestic animals
  4. hemp
95
Q

What are the tree major principles of the Triangular Trade?

A
  1. Boats never leave empty
  2. Boats transport raw materials
  3. Boats come back with manufactured goods

History 414 (4 decks)

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