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History 414 > Contemporary period > Flashcards

Contemporary period Flashcards

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0
Q

What values are promoted in agriculturism?

A

-Family life -Rural life -The French language -The Catholic faith

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1
Q

Which current of thought is associated with the right to vote for women?

A

Feminism

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2
Q

Which current of thought promoted French Canadian values?

A

French Canadian nationalism

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3
Q

Who are the imperialist?

A

People who believe that Canada should maintain and reinforce its ties to Great Britain.

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4
Q

Who was Henri Bourassa?

A

The main spokesperson for French Canadian nationalism.

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5
Q

What is capitalism?

A

An economic system that encourages the concentration of wealth and control of the means of production by a small number of people as well as free competition.

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6
Q

Where were cities formed in the second phase of industrialization?

A

Near natural resources.

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7
Q

What event ended the Great Depression?

A

The Second World War

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8
Q

What are the four founding provinces of Canada?

A
  1. Ontario
  2. Québec
  3. New Brunswick
  4. Nova Scotia
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9
Q

To encourage immigration to Canada, what did the federal government offer?

A

Free land in Western Canada

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10
Q

Who introduced the national policy?

A

John A. Macdonald

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11
Q

Identify the 3 main characteristics of the national policy.

A
  1. Impose custom tariffs on imported goods
  2. The creation of a transcontinetal railway
  3. To encourage the immigration and settlement of Western Canada
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12
Q

When was the first phase of industrialization?

A

1850-1896

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13
Q

What were the main economic sectors of the first phase of industrialization?

A
  1. Food
  2. Shoes
  3. Leather
  4. Textile
  5. Tobacco
  6. Mining
  7. Pulp and paper
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14
Q

Define urbanization.

A

The increase of population in urban areas.

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15
Q

When was the second phase of industrialization?

A

1896 to 1929

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16
Q

What energy source was used during the first phase of industrialization?

A

Coal or steam

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17
Q

What energy source was used during the second phase of industrialization?

A

Hydroelectricity

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18
Q

Why did Canada have an economic crisis in the 1870s?

A

The Canadian market was flooded with American goods.

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19
Q

Explain the living conditions in the late 1800s.

A
  1. Houses were built near factories
  2. No running water
  3. No sewer system
  4. Many epidemics
  5. High infant mortality rate
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20
Q

Explain the working conditions in the late 1800s.

A
  1. Long hours (14 hours a day/70 hours a week)
  2. Long work week (6 days a week)
  3. Women and children had to work
  4. Very low pay
  5. No job securirty
  6. Poor ventilated fatories, no heating in the winter
  7. Fines
  8. No unions
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21
Q

What company was nationalized in 1962?

A

Hydro-Québec

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22
Q

Durig the second world war, who started to work in factories?

A

Women

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23
Q

What is the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement?

A

A treaty in which their is the elimination of all custom duties between Canada and the United States

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24
Q

In the 1920s, where des the majority of the population live in Québec?

A

They live in urban areas.

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25
Q

According to the nationalists, what are the foundation of a nation?

A
  1. The Catholic faith
  2. The French language
  3. Rural life
  4. Large families
  5. Agriculture
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26
Q

When did the feminist movement slowly begin to make demands?

A

Towards the end of the 19th century.

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27
Q

Identify an example of fascism.

A

Adolf Hitler

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28
Q

Because of the Quiet Revolution, many ideas circulate. What happens to Québec’s state of mind after the 1960s?

A

The province of Qyuébec became a more open minded and more modern society.

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29
Q

In what year did Canadian women get the right to vote in the federal elections?

A

1918

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30
Q

In what year did Québec women get the right to vote in the provincial election?

A

1940

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31
Q

In what year was the October Crisis?

A

1970

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32
Q

Who was Henri Bourassa?

A

He was the main spokesperson of French-Canadian nationalism.

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33
Q

What were the 3 main ideas that the nationslist believed would be jeopardized by urbanization and industrialization?

A
  1. The Catholic faith
  2. The French language
  3. Rural life (farming)
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34
Q

What are the two main current of thoughts in the 19th century?

A

Liberalism and capitalism

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35
Q

What does the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation believe in?

A
  1. Prosperity
  2. Security
  3. Justice
  4. Democracy
  5. Unity
  6. Equality
  7. Freedom
36
Q

Give an exemple of socialism in Canada.

A

CCF (Cooperative Commonwealth Federation)

37
Q

Explain americanism.

A

It is a current of thought that promotes the “American way of life”.

38
Q

Explain neoliberalism.

A

It is an ideology that advocates a laissez-faire approach to the economy and calls the state interventionism into question.

39
Q

What were the main objectives of the National Policy?

A
  1. Increase in protectionist tariffs
  2. The expansion if the railway network
  3. Encourage immigration
40
Q

What did Industrialization led to?

A

Urbanization

41
Q

Explain the working class neighbourhoods in the first phase of industrialization.

A
  1. Over populated
  2. Unsanitary
  3. No running water
  4. No sewage systems
  5. Many epidemics
42
Q

What were the working conditions in the 19th century?

A
  1. Low wages
  2. Very long hours (70hrs per week)
  3. 6 day work week
  4. Children and women must work to help support the family
  5. Very dangerous working conditions
  6. No job security
  7. Not heated in the winter and poorly ventilated in the summer
43
Q

Identify demands made by workers unions.

A
  1. Reduction in the number of working hours
  2. Reduction in the number of days worked per week
  3. Increase in salary
  4. Elimination of child labour
44
Q

What conditions helped the development of the second phase of industrialization?

A
  1. Québec had many natural resources
  2. Many rivers to help with the making of hydroelectricity
  3. Abundant work force
45
Q

What was the exploitation of our natural resources done by and for?

A

The American markets

46
Q

What supplies did Canada provide to Great Britain during the First World War?

A
  1. Food
  2. Factories produced item to help the war effort (guns, bombs, uniforms)
47
Q

What were Duplessis’ political ideas based on?

A
  1. Catholicism
  2. Agriculture
  3. Provincial autonomy
48
Q

Explain the Padlock law.

A

The Padlock law is an act that allows the police to close down a factory that was believed to be involved in communist propaganda (unions).

49
Q

What were the two groups that fought for sovereignty in Québec?

A
  1. FLQ (Front de libération du Québec)
  2. PQ (Parti Québécois)
50
Q

During the October Crisis, what Act did Pierre Elliott Trudeau put into place to solve the crisis?

A

The War Measure Act

51
Q

How many referendums did the Parti Québécois hold and in what years?

A

Two. One in 1980 and the second one in 1995.

52
Q

In 1982, the federal project known as the Constitution of 1982 is signed by all of Canada except for Québec. Why did Québec oppose the constitution?

A

Québec didn’t get what it wanted: a right of veto and recognition of its special status.

53
Q

During WWII, a new current of thought known as fascism first appeared in Europe. Define fascism.

A

A current of thought that believes in the superiority of one race of people over another and believes in there being only one political party led by one leader.

54
Q

Define capitalism.

A

The current of thought that believes in the concentration of wealth and controlling production by a small number of people as well as having free competition.

55
Q

What are two major social inequalities caused by capitalism?

A
  1. Workers were given very low wages
  2. Workers had to work in very tough conditions
56
Q

What is cooperatism?

A

A current of thougth used by farmers in which a group is created where everyone pools in their money together and everyone is part owner.

57
Q

Give an example of cooperatism.

A

The Caisse Populaire Desjardins

58
Q

What movement promoted rural life and the traditional agricultural way of life?

A

Agriculturalism

59
Q

What were the two main currents of thought in the 19th century?

A
  1. Liberalism
  2. Capitalism
60
Q

Who lived in the Golden Square Mile?

A

Mostly members of the Anglophone business class.

61
Q

Which current of thought criticized capitalism?

A

Socialism

62
Q

Since there wasn’t many volunteers for the amry, what did the government of Canada do?

A

They forced men to join the army.

63
Q

What new political party was formed in Québec during WWII?

A

The Bloc Populaire

64
Q

Define secularism.

A

The separation of the Church and State.

65
Q

What political party promoted socialismm in Canada?

A

CCF (Cooperative Commonwealth Federation)

66
Q

What did Lionel Groulx promote?

A
  1. Family
  2. Respect for the hierarchy
  3. Religious education
  4. Agriculture
  5. Rural way of life
67
Q

When did the Boer war start and end?

A

1899-1902

68
Q

Why was there a conscription crisis in 1917?

A

No more volunteers wanted to go fight in WWI.

69
Q

During the Duplessis year, who had the most power?

A

The Catholic Church

70
Q

Since the Quiet Revolution, who has all the power?

A

The state

71
Q

What did women get to do for the first time in 1918?

A

Vote in the federal elections

72
Q

When were the Catholic unions created?

A

1921

73
Q

What law counters the growth of union activities?

A

The Padlock law

74
Q

What changed in the role of the State after the 1960?

A

The state intervened more and more. The government played at active role.

75
Q

What women’s right was recognized in 1940?

A

The right to vote in the provincial elections (Québec)

76
Q

What influence group was formed after WWII when their was an increase of pollution?

A

Environmental groups

77
Q

What did Bill 101 cause?

A

An increase in the number of people attending French schools. This law prohibited immigrants from attending English schools.

78
Q

Define agriculturism.

A

A current of thought that promote rural life and going back to the land.

79
Q

Who was the Premier of Québec during WWII?

A

Adélard Godbout

80
Q

Identify reforms undertook by Godbout.

A
  1. Voting right for women in provincial elections
  2. Mandatory education until the age of 14
  3. Free primary education
  4. Nationalization of electricity
  5. Creation of the Commission hydroélectrique
81
Q

What happened to Louis Riel after the Rebellions?

A

He was hanged

82
Q

What does the state start doing in 1960?

A

They start to control social aspects. They take over what the Church was doing.

83
Q

Who promoted agroculturism in Québec?

A

Curé Antoine Labelle

84
Q

What happened to the Church during the Quiet Revolution?

A

The Church lost its power and influence over the population.

85
Q

What are the main objectives of Aboriginalism?

A
  1. Preserve the Aboriginal culture
  2. Maintaining their traditional way of life
  3. Protecting their territory, resources and language
86
Q

what was the main current of thought in the 1960s?

A

Secularism

87
Q

What are the main characteristics of neoliberalism?

A
  1. The reduction in State intervention in areas of public life.
  2. Free markets to encourage economic trade.
  3. Individual responsibility

History 414 (4 decks)

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