first occupants Flashcards
The men decide for the tribe. What is this type of society called?
Patriarchy
What are the main economic activities practiced by the Algonquians?
Hunting , fishing and gathering
Where did the Algonquians lived?
They lived in the Canadian shield and the Appalachian Mountains.
What type of lifestyle do the Algonquians have?
They are nomadic.
What are the main economic activities practised by the Iroquois.
They farm fruits and vegetables, hunt, fish and gather berries.
The women decide for this tribe. What is the name for this type of society?
Matriarchy
Where did the Iroquois live?
In the St. Lawrence’s Valley
Where do the Inuits live?
In the Arctic.
Define barter.
The barter system is an exchange of products for another product.
What are the benefits to the trade system between the Amerindians?
They could pay war tributes Facilitate peace negotiations Formalizing meetings between dignitaries
Why did the Amerindians trade amongst themselves?
They trade items they had in surplus for items they needed or for items that were not found on their territory.
Why do the Amerindians respect animals?
They believe that animals have spirits and that they sacrificed themselves for the Amerindians.
Why were the elders so important to Amerindian culture?
The Elders were the ones transmitting the culture of the tribe.
What is a sweat lodge?
A tent where the Amerindians went to be in touch with nature.
What are the 4 most important meat the Algonquians had in their diet?
Caribou Moose Deer Bear
What is the main economic activity for the Iroquois?
Agriculture
What type of society were the Iroquois?
Sedentary
What are the 3 most farmed vegetables in an Iroquois village?
Corn Squash Beans
Why were the Inuit nomadic?
They followed the animals.
What was the main means of transportation for the Amerindians?
Canoe
What is the name of the tribe member who is responsible for the spiritual needs of the tribe?
Shaman
Identify 3 items used on spiritual ceremonies performed by the shaman.
Tobacco Rattles Drums Masks Wampum Smoke or fire Dream catchers
Identify 3 influences of the French on the Amerindians.
Pots Iron tools Knives Guns Alcohol Bread Salt Catholic Faith Clothing Blankets
Why do aboriginal people ace a great importance on dreams?
They consider it a privileged means of communication with the spirits.
What is animism?
The belief that everything that exists has a spirit.
How were the chiefs chosen?
For their courage and their wisdom.
Name the three linguistic groups of the aboriginals living in Québec.
Inuit Algonquian Iroquois
How do the Aboriginals pass on traditions?
Orally
Who is responsible to transmit culture among the Amerindians?
The elders
What is the spiritual belief of the Amerindians?
That everything in nature had a spirit (animism).
Why was it important for the Amerindians to be spiritually committed?
The Amerindians communicated with spirits which aloud them to receive their benevolence, generosity and carry on traditions.
Using the document, indicate the letter corresponding to the migration flow that led to:
- Settlement of North America by the First Occupants.
- The settlement of French in America
Indicate an element of continuity in the way trade was carried out in North America during the periods presented in the document.
Barter or the exchange of furs for other goods.
What Amerindian family is sedentary?
Iroquois
Which Amerindian families are nomadic?
- Algonquian
- Inuit
What was the trading system that the nomadic and sedentary Amerindians used?
The barter system
Who passed on information and traditions orally?
The Elders
How was the chief chosen?
- For his wisdom
- For his courage
Which places were better suited to trade with the French?
- The Ottawa River
- St. Lawrence Seaway
- Tadoussac
What consequences occurred after the first contact between the Europeans and the Amerindians?
There was political imbalance, wars, the Amerindians dies because of disease and they changed their way of life.
What two characteristics did Amerindians highly value?
- Equality
- Generosity
Why did the Iroquois attack Huronia?
They wanted to control the fur trade territory.
Some tribes are nomadic while others are sedentary. What do they both have in common?
They both have close ties to nature and live in harmony with it.
When did the first occupants arrived?
Nearly 30 000 years ago
How did the First occupants cross the Bering Straight?
They crossed over a land bridge made of ice.
What surrounded the Iroquian village?
A wooden palisade
