new born diseases

Question 1

what is transient tachypnea RDS 2 ?

Answer 1

occurs in full term infants with slow absorption of amniotic fluid into the lungs

Question 2

who are at higher risk for transient tachypnea RDS II?

Answer 2

c section babies due to no vaginal squeeze

Question 3

how do we treat transient tachypnea RDS 2 ?

Answer 3

clears up spontaneously within 3-5 days as lymphatics clears it away

Question 4

what are the signs and symptoms of transient tachypnea RDS 2 ?

Answer 4

infants breath up to 120 /min

arterial blood gases normal

chest x ray streaky and cardiomegaly

Question 5

what is pneumomediastinum ?

Answer 5

Air ends up at the lung hilum.

At the hila, air dissects between the fascial sheaths and moves into the mediastinum and/or the pericardium

Question 6

what is the treatment of pneumomediastinu

Answer 6

asymptomatic and will solve itself

Question 7

what is pulmonary haemorrhage ?

Answer 7

interstitial or intralveolar bleeding

Question 8

what is the etiology of pulmonary haemorrhage ?

Answer 8

RDS
beta step pneumonia
aspiration of foreign material
hypothermia

Question 9

what is the clinical symptom of pulmonary hemorrhage ?

Answer 9

peripheral vasoconstriction 
bradycardia 
gasping several minutes prior to haemorrhage 
apnea 
hypotension 
poor systemic perfusion 
intubated = blood pour into the tube 
non intubated = blood into the oropharynx , oozes into nose and mouth

Question 10

what is are the risk factors for pulmonary haemorrhage ?

Answer 10

very low birth weight 
infection 
cocaine use 
medications 
prematurity 
breech delivery

Question 11

when does pulmonary haemorrhage usually occur ?

Answer 11

within 6 hours for term

48-72 hrs in preterm infants

Question 12

what is the managmnet of pulmonary haemorrhage ?

Answer 12

tracheal suction
increased oxygen support
positive pressure ventilation

vit k administres
prophylactic dopamine

Question 13

what is the prognosis of pulmonary haemorrhage ?

Answer 13

30 percent mortality usually do not survive

Question 14

what is the problem with the absence of a complete diaphragm ?

Answer 14

abdominal contents travel into the thoracic cavity

trouble with breathing

Question 15

majority of incomplete diaphragm is at the opening of the aorta and esophagus and at the left side what is this called ?

Answer 15

bochadalek type

Question 16

the earlier the hernia occurs and how big the hernia is for the abdominalc contents to rise the more kind of what changes int eh lungs occur r?

Answer 16

hypoplastic
poor compliance
little surface area for gastric exchange
pulmonary hypertension

Question 17

what are the signs and symptoms for diaphragmatic hernia ?

Answer 17

low APGAR
high silverman
barrel chest , scaphoid belly

absent breath sounds on the left

Question 18

how can we diagnose diaphragmatic hernia ?

Answer 18

x ray bowel loops above the diaphragm

Question 19

what is the silverman score

Answer 19

sure 0-2 
chest movement 
intercostal retraction 
diploid retraction 
nasal flaring 
expriratory grunt

Question 20

what are the causes for intrauterine pneumonia ?

Answer 20

infective agents migrate from the vagina and cervix / urinary tract / rectu, to the fetus

bacteria = strep b , staph a , ecoli , chlamydia
viral - CMV , herpes

Question 21

which babies are at risk for intrauterine pneumonia ?

Answer 21

PROM , mucus plug release more than 24 hours
meconium aspiration - post term
infections during pregnancy

Question 22

what is the clinical picture of intrauterine pneumonia ?

Answer 22

low APGAR
bilateral breath sounds , crackles , wheezing
poor air movement
sepsis - fever

Question 23

what’s is the diagnosis of intrauterine pneumonia ?

Answer 23

wide spread diffuse pneumonia
tachycardia
lab blood tests

Question 24

what is the treatment for intrauterine pneumonia ?

Answer 24

mortality is very high 6-15 percent

oxygen for hypoxia 
intubation and ventilation if ph drops below 7.25 and co2 rise 
broads spectrum antibiotics iv ASAP 
aerosolised beta 2 agonist 
suctioning

Question 25

complication of intrauterine pneumonia

Answer 25

sepsis