new born diseases Flashcards
what is transient tachypnea RDS 2 ?
occurs in full term infants with slow absorption of amniotic fluid into the lungs
who are at higher risk for transient tachypnea RDS II?
c section babies due to no vaginal squeeze
how do we treat transient tachypnea RDS 2 ?
clears up spontaneously within 3-5 days as lymphatics clears it away
what are the signs and symptoms of transient tachypnea RDS 2 ?
infants breath up to 120 /min
arterial blood gases normal
chest x ray streaky and cardiomegaly
what is pneumomediastinum ?
Air ends up at the lung hilum.
At the hila, air dissects between the fascial sheaths and moves into the mediastinum and/or the pericardium
what is the treatment of pneumomediastinu
asymptomatic and will solve itself
what is pulmonary haemorrhage ?
interstitial or intralveolar bleeding
what is the etiology of pulmonary haemorrhage ?
RDS
beta step pneumonia
aspiration of foreign material
hypothermia
what is the clinical symptom of pulmonary hemorrhage ?
peripheral vasoconstriction bradycardia gasping several minutes prior to haemorrhage apnea hypotension poor systemic perfusion intubated = blood pour into the tube non intubated = blood into the oropharynx , oozes into nose and mouth
what is are the risk factors for pulmonary haemorrhage ?
very low birth weight infection cocaine use medications prematurity breech delivery
when does pulmonary haemorrhage usually occur ?
within 6 hours for term
48-72 hrs in preterm infants
what is the managmnet of pulmonary haemorrhage ?
tracheal suction
increased oxygen support
positive pressure ventilation
vit k administres
prophylactic dopamine
what is the prognosis of pulmonary haemorrhage ?
30 percent mortality usually do not survive
what is the problem with the absence of a complete diaphragm ?
abdominal contents travel into the thoracic cavity
trouble with breathing
majority of incomplete diaphragm is at the opening of the aorta and esophagus and at the left side what is this called ?
bochadalek type
the earlier the hernia occurs and how big the hernia is for the abdominalc contents to rise the more kind of what changes int eh lungs occur r?
hypoplastic
poor compliance
little surface area for gastric exchange
pulmonary hypertension
what are the signs and symptoms for diaphragmatic hernia ?
low APGAR
high silverman
barrel chest , scaphoid belly
absent breath sounds on the left
how can we diagnose diaphragmatic hernia ?
x ray bowel loops above the diaphragm
what is the silverman score
sure 0-2 chest movement intercostal retraction diploid retraction nasal flaring expriratory grunt
what are the causes for intrauterine pneumonia ?
infective agents migrate from the vagina and cervix / urinary tract / rectu, to the fetus
bacteria = strep b , staph a , ecoli , chlamydia
viral - CMV , herpes
which babies are at risk for intrauterine pneumonia ?
PROM , mucus plug release more than 24 hours
meconium aspiration - post term
infections during pregnancy
what is the clinical picture of intrauterine pneumonia ?
low APGAR
bilateral breath sounds , crackles , wheezing
poor air movement
sepsis - fever
what’s is the diagnosis of intrauterine pneumonia ?
wide spread diffuse pneumonia
tachycardia
lab blood tests
what is the treatment for intrauterine pneumonia ?
mortality is very high 6-15 percent
oxygen for hypoxia intubation and ventilation if ph drops below 7.25 and co2 rise broads spectrum antibiotics iv ASAP aerosolised beta 2 agonist suctioning
complication of intrauterine pneumonia
sepsis
