New 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Mountainous

A

کوهستانی

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2
Q

Steep rocky slopes

A

Slope : دامنه کوه

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3
Q

Ravine

A

دره

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4
Q

Whistle language is a means of transmitting information over long distances

A
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5
Q

Terrain

A

Ground زمین

Rocky terrain

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6
Q

Interpret

A

تفسیر کردن

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7
Q

Substitute

A

جایگزین

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8
Q

Ambiguity

A

ابهام‌، گنگی

There is much more ambiguity…..

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9
Q

Shepherd

A

چوپان

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10
Q

Obscure

A

گنگ ، مبهم

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11
Q

Indigenous (formal)

A

Native

People who have always been in the place where they are

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12
Q

Conquer

A

To get control of a country by fighting

تسخیر کردن

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13
Q

Dense forests

A

جنگل انبوه

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14
Q

Whistled languages are threatened with extinction

A
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15
Q

Arouse more wonderful feeling

A
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16
Q

Fell the trees

A

Cut down the trees

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17
Q

Deforestation

A

جنگل زدایی

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18
Q

Logging companies

A

Companies which cut down trees

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19
Q

Lease on tropical rainforest

A

Lease: a legal agreement which allows you to use a building, car….

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20
Q

Corrupt officials

A

Corrupt : adj فاسد

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21
Q

Out-compete

A

Surpass or perform better than others in a competitive environment

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22
Q

The reverse is likely to be true if ……

A
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23
Q

Blaming alone is unlikely to produce change

A
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24
Q

By legal means

A

به وسیله راههای قانونی

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25
Liable
Legally responsible for the cost of sth/ to be legally punished or forced to do sth by law متعهد
26
Breach of ….
An action that breaks a law ,rule, or agreement (breach of contract)
27
Sue
To make a legal claim against someone
28
Humanitarian sentiments
احساسات بشر دوستانه
29
In the long run
در‌ طولانی مدت
30
Politicians
31
Disaster
32
Governments enforce laws and regulations
Enforce: to make people obey a rule اجرا کردن
33
Exert powerful pressure on…
Exert : to use your power ,influence in order to make sth happen اعمال کردن
34
Act in accordance with moral principles
35
Showcase
ویترین
36
Conscious thoughts
افکار هوشیارانه
37
Marketing strategies contribute to their success in generating sales
38
Gross exaggeration
Very great and untrue
39
Breifly
به طور‌خلاصه
40
Orientate yourself / orient yourself
To find exactly where you are by looking around you or using a map
41
Lorry
Truck
42
What a letdown! (Informal)
چقدر ناامید کننده Letdown(informal): Disappointment
43
Far-reaching consequences Far-reaching impact/ effects
Having a great influence or effect پیامدهای گسترده
44
Humans with comparative levels of adipose tissue would be considered obese
45
Adipose tissue
بافت چربی
46
Obese
چاقی
47
Suffer from diabetes and heart disease
48
Shed light on sth
To make sth easier to understand by providing new or better information A study sheds light on the mystery
49
Genetic structure
ساختار ژنتیکی
50
One of the toughest environments on Earth
51
Mutation of gene
جهش ژنتیکی A change in the genetic structure that make it different from others of the same kind
52
Study model
Polar bears may therefore be an important study model ……
53
Low bone density
تراکم استخوان پایین
54
bone density
تراکم استخوان
55
Low bones density caused by insufficient exercise, reduced calcium intake , food starvation.
56
Intake of
The amount of food ,drink etc that you take into your body
57
Calcium intake
مصرف کلسیم
58
Bone tissue
بافت استخوان
59
Female bears dig maternity dens in the snow
Den: the home of some animals
60
Cub
The baby of a wild animal such as lion, bear توله
61
Deplete
To reduce the amount of sth that is present or available * Female bears depleting their own calcium and calorie reserves * Salmon population have been severely depleted
62
Possess
To have particular quality or ability * Possess skills * Possess emotions * Possess the power to frighten someone
63
Primates
نخستی ها A member of the group of animals that includes humans and monkeys
64
Violent
خشن
65
Incinerate
To burn something completely in order to destroy it Waste Incineration plans
66
Reign (v)
The period when someone is king or queen
67
Rectangular
مستطیل شکل
68
Rectangle
مستطیل
69
Passage
Corridor راهرو
70
Deceased person
فرد فوت‌ شده
71
Buried
دفن شده
72
Conceive
تصور کردن
73
Slab
A thick flat piece of a hard material such as a stone Stone slab , concrete slab
74
Priest
کشیش
75
Trench
خندق
76
chamber
تالار
77
Tomb
مقبره
78
Burial
تدفین
79
Vessel (old use)
Container for holding liquids ظرف
80
Excavate
حفاری کردن
81
Precaution
اقدام احتیاطی
82
Disruptive
Causing problem and preventing sth from continuing in its usual way/ مخرب
83
Novice
Someone who has no experience in a skill , subject , or activity تازه کار
84
Fundamental changes
85
Outperform
To be more successful than someone or sth els * technology can outperform humans
86
Enhancement
تقویت The process of improving
87
Routine
88
Legitimate
Fair, reasonable, acceptable or allowed by law
89
Peripheral
On the outer edge of a central پیرامونی حاشیه‌ای Legitimate peripheral participation
90
Trustworthy
Reliable قابل اعتماد
91
Transparent
شفافیت
92
Trustworthy and transparent
93
Dilemma
A situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do
94
Restrict
To limit or control
95
Redundancy
Layoff
96
Democracy
دموکراسی
97
Thriving
پر‌رونق
98
Thriving economic democracy
99
Intuition
Instinct غریزه
100
***Speaking*** I have got a huge appetite
زیاد می‌خورم
101
***Speaking*** It costs an arm and a leg
خیلی گران است
102
Heir
The person who has the legal right to receive the property or title of another person when they die وارث
103
Pupil (countable)
Student Someone who is being taught
104
Cuisine
A particular style of cooking *French cuisine *Vegetarian cuisine
105
Dance should be prescribed as therapy
106
Release hormones
107
Equipment. (Uncountable)
108
Economic (adj)
Economic difficulty
109
A significant number of individuals are of the opinion …….
Many peole think
110
Controversial
بخث برانگیز
111
Enigmatic
Mysterious and difficult to understand معمایی، رازآلود
112
The earliest evidence
113
Outlive
To remain alive after someone else has died * microbes will outlive humans
114
Invisible to the naked eye
115
Ubiquitous
Seeming to be everywhere *Microbes are ubiquitous
116
Inhabit
Live
117
Seaweed
جلبک
118
Armpit
زیر بغل
119
Gut
روده
120
Bloodstream
جریان خون
121
Bizarre , alien planet
Strange
122
The attitude towards something
123
Foe
Enemy
124
Villain
The main bad character in film or story
125
Symbiotic relationship
رابطه همزیستی
126
Combat obesity
127
Obsession with hygiene
128
Overuse of Excessive use of
129
Duty
Task
130
Cottage
Small house in the country کلبه
131
Calorie
کالری
132
Escalator
پله برقی
133
Unconscious
ناخودآگاه
134
Modification
تغییر
135
Knitting
بافندگی
136
Handicraft
هنر دست
137
Outlay
Cost, expense
138
Revered
Admired مورد تحسین
139
Rower
پارو زن
140
Sails and rigging
بادبان و دکل
141
Oar
پارو
142
Oarsmen
Rowers پارو زنها
143
Iron bars
میله های آهن
144
Copper
مس
145
Marble
سنگ مرمر
146
Granite
سنگ گرانیت
147
Grain
غلات The seeds of crops such as corn ,wheat, or rice that are gathered for use as food
148
Crops
محصولات زراعی
149
Gigantic
Huge, very big
150
Quay (ki)
اسکله
151
Artefact
152
Thaw out
It gets warmer until it is a normal temperature again
153
Degradation
The process by which sth changes to a worse condition * these materials experience degradation relatively swiftly
154
Swiftly
Quickly, immediately
155
Venturing
A new business that involves taking risks * hunters kept regularly venturing into the mountains
156
Molecule
مولکول
157
Detect
To notice or discover sth, especially sth that is not easy to see یافتن، شناسایی کردن
158
Gauge
An instrument for measuring the size or amount of sth
159
Mercury
جیوه
160
Bud (v)
To produce buds جوانه کردن، غنچه کردن
161
Bud (n)
غنچه، جوانه
162
Pinpoint (v)
To discover or explain exactly the real facts about sth, to find or show the exact position of sth مشخص کردن، اشاره دقیق کردن * It’s difficult to pinpoint the cause of the accident * They need to pinpoint exactly what skills are necessary * The latest research pinpoints for the first time……
163
Yield (n)
The amount of profits or crops etc that sth produces بازده‌، محصول Agricultural yields Crops yields
164
Laboratory
165
Resilient
Strong and not easily damaged مقاوم Resilient to thermal stress and climate change
166
Bind(v)
متصل کردن Phytochrome molecules bind themselves to DNA to restrict plant geowth
167
Revert
To change back to a situation that existed in the past برگشتن، برگرداندن Phytochromes revert to their inactive state during the night
168
Dual role
نقش دوگانه
169
Rhyme (raim)
A short poem or song , especially for children
170
Oak tree
درخت بلوط
171
Culmination of sth
اوج، حد اعلی در‌ چیزی The new findings are the culmination of twelve years of research
172
Deckchair
A folding chair with a long seat made of cloth , used especially on the beach
173
Patio
پاسیو
174
Potted plants
Plants which growing inside pot
175
Voyage
A long journey in a ship or spacecraft
176
Clumsy
دست و پا چلفتی Careless
177
Skull
جمجمه
178
Pigeon
کبوتر
179
Specimen
نمونه
180
Interval
بازه زمانی
181
Ventilate
To let fresh air into a room تهویه کردن
182
Ventilation
تهویه هوا
183
Lid
A cover for the open part of a pot , box, other container
184
Inscription
A piece of writting inscribed on a stone سنگ نوشته
185
School-aged children School-aged kids Students Pupils
186
Pacifier
پستونک
187
Toddler
A very young child is just learning to walk
188
Hunch over video games
قوز کردن روی بازی کامپیوتری
189
Circuit
جریان A new circuit in our species’ brain…..
190
Binary
The binary system used in computers in which only 0,1 are used
191
Versus
در مقابل
192
Err (v)
Old use: make a mistake
193
Critical analysis
194
Thorough (adj)
Including every possible detail تمام و کمال کامل
195
Isolated words and phrases
کلمات و عبارات جدا شده *Students are tending to read isolated words and phrases in a text to save time
196
Police forces
نیروهای پلیس
197
Stroke
سکته
198
Divergence
واگرایی If opinions, interests etc diverge , they are different from each other
199
Congested
Full of traffic
200
At an astonishing rate
201
Advocate
To publicy support a particular way of doing sth حامی، مدافع
202
Solicitor
وکیل دادگستری
203
Confined space
فضای محدود
204
Confine
Restrict/ To keep someone or something within the limits of a particular activity or subject
205
Seal
خوک آبی
206
Lighthouse
فانوس دریایی
207
Penguins
پنگوئن ها
208
Inquisitive
Curious کنجکاو
209
Contaminated
آلوده
210
Turf
A surface that consists of soil with grass
211
Arena
میدان مسابقات
212
Emblematic
نمادین Seeming to represent or be a sign of something
213
Versatile
Having many different uses/ همه کاره *Versatile stadiums
214
Fortress
A large strong building used dor defending an important place دژ ، قلعه
215
Acoustics
216
Amphitheatre
217
Rather than
Instead of
218
Depot
A place where goods are stored until they are needed