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business & study > New 4 > Flashcards

New 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Mountainous

A

کوهستانی

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2
Q

Steep rocky slopes

A

Slope : دامنه کوه

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3
Q

Ravine

A

دره

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4
Q

Whistle language is a means of transmitting information over long distances

A
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5
Q

Terrain

A

Ground زمین

Rocky terrain

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6
Q

Interpret

A

تفسیر کردن

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7
Q

Substitute

A

جایگزین

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8
Q

Ambiguity

A

ابهام‌، گنگی

There is much more ambiguity…..

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9
Q

Shepherd

A

چوپان

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10
Q

Obscure

A

گنگ ، مبهم

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11
Q

Indigenous (formal)

A

Native

People who have always been in the place where they are

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12
Q

Conquer

A

To get control of a country by fighting

تسخیر کردن

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13
Q

Dense forests

A

جنگل انبوه

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14
Q

Whistled languages are threatened with extinction

A
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15
Q

Arouse more wonderful feeling

A
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16
Q

Fell the trees

A

Cut down the trees

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17
Q

Deforestation

A

جنگل زدایی

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18
Q

Logging companies

A

Companies which cut down trees

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19
Q

Lease on tropical rainforest

A

Lease: a legal agreement which allows you to use a building, car….

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20
Q

Corrupt officials

A

Corrupt : adj فاسد

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21
Q

Out-compete

A

Surpass or perform better than others in a competitive environment

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22
Q

The reverse is likely to be true if ……

A
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23
Q

Blaming alone is unlikely to produce change

A
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24
Q

By legal means

A

به وسیله راههای قانونی

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25
Q

Liable

A

Legally responsible for the cost of sth/ to be legally punished or forced to do sth by law
متعهد

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26
Q

Breach of ….

A

An action that breaks a law ,rule, or agreement (breach of contract)

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27
Q

Sue

A

To make a legal claim against someone

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28
Q

Humanitarian sentiments

A

احساسات بشر دوستانه

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29
Q

In the long run

A

در‌ طولانی مدت

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30
Q

Politicians

A
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31
Q

Disaster

A
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32
Q

Governments enforce laws and regulations

A

Enforce: to make people obey a rule

اجرا کردن

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33
Q

Exert powerful pressure on…

A

Exert : to use your power ,influence in order to make sth happen

اعمال کردن

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34
Q

Act in accordance with moral principles

A
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35
Q

Showcase

A

ویترین

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36
Q

Conscious thoughts

A

افکار هوشیارانه

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37
Q

Marketing strategies contribute to their success in generating sales

A
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38
Q

Gross exaggeration

A

Very great and untrue

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39
Q

Breifly

A

به طور‌خلاصه

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40
Q

Orientate yourself / orient yourself

A

To find exactly where you are by looking around you or using a map

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41
Q

Lorry

A

Truck

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42
Q

What a letdown! (Informal)

A

چقدر ناامید کننده

Letdown(informal):
Disappointment

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43
Q

Far-reaching consequences

Far-reaching impact/ effects

A

Having a great influence or effect

پیامدهای گسترده

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44
Q

Humans with comparative levels of adipose tissue would be considered obese

A
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45
Q

Adipose tissue

A

بافت چربی

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46
Q

Obese

A

چاقی

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47
Q

Suffer from diabetes and heart disease

A
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48
Q

Shed light on sth

A

To make sth easier to understand by providing new or better information

A study sheds light on the mystery

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49
Q

Genetic structure

A

ساختار ژنتیکی

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50
Q

One of the toughest environments on Earth

A
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51
Q

Mutation of gene

A

جهش ژنتیکی

A change in the genetic structure that make it different from others of the same kind

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52
Q

Study model

A

Polar bears may therefore be an important study model ……

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53
Q

Low bone density

A

تراکم استخوان پایین

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54
Q

bone density

A

تراکم استخوان

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55
Q

Low bones density caused by insufficient exercise, reduced calcium intake , food starvation.

A
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56
Q

Intake of

A

The amount of food ,drink etc that you take into your body

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57
Q

Calcium intake

A

مصرف کلسیم

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58
Q

Bone tissue

A

بافت استخوان

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59
Q

Female bears dig maternity dens in the snow

A

Den: the home of some animals

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60
Q

Cub

A

The baby of a wild animal such as lion, bear
توله

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61
Q

Deplete

A

To reduce the amount of sth that is present or available

  • Female bears depleting their own calcium and calorie reserves
  • Salmon population have been severely depleted
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62
Q

Possess

A

To have particular quality or ability

  • Possess skills
  • Possess emotions
  • Possess the power to frighten someone
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63
Q

Primates

A

نخستی ها

A member of the group of animals that includes humans and monkeys

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64
Q

Violent

A

خشن

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65
Q

Incinerate

A

To burn something completely in order to destroy it

Waste Incineration plans

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66
Q

Reign (v)

A

The period when someone is king or queen

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67
Q

Rectangular

A

مستطیل شکل

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68
Q

Rectangle

A

مستطیل

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69
Q

Passage

A

Corridor
راهرو

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70
Q

Deceased person

A

فرد فوت‌ شده

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71
Q

Buried

A

دفن شده

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72
Q

Conceive

A

تصور کردن

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73
Q

Slab

A

A thick flat piece of a hard material such as a stone

Stone slab , concrete slab

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74
Q

Priest

A

کشیش

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75
Q

Trench

A

خندق

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76
Q

chamber

A

تالار

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77
Q

Tomb

A

مقبره

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78
Q

Burial

A

تدفین

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79
Q

Vessel (old use)

A

Container for holding liquids
ظرف

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80
Q

Excavate

A

حفاری کردن

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81
Q

Precaution

A

اقدام احتیاطی

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82
Q

Disruptive

A

Causing problem and preventing sth from continuing in its usual way/
مخرب

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83
Q

Novice

A

Someone who has no experience in a skill , subject , or activity
تازه کار

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84
Q

Fundamental changes

A
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85
Q

Outperform

A

To be more successful than someone or sth els

  • technology can outperform humans
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86
Q

Enhancement

A

تقویت
The process of improving

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87
Q

Routine

A
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88
Q

Legitimate

A

Fair, reasonable, acceptable or allowed by law

89
Q

Peripheral

A

On the outer edge of a central
پیرامونی حاشیه‌ای

Legitimate peripheral participation

90
Q

Trustworthy

A

Reliable
قابل اعتماد

91
Q

Transparent

A

شفافیت

92
Q

Trustworthy and transparent

A
93
Q

Dilemma

A

A situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do

94
Q

Restrict

A

To limit or control

95
Q

Redundancy

A

Layoff

96
Q

Democracy

A

دموکراسی

97
Q

Thriving

A

پر‌رونق

98
Q

Thriving economic democracy

A
99
Q

Intuition

A

Instinct

غریزه

100
Q

Speaking

I have got a huge appetite

A

زیاد می‌خورم

101
Q

Speaking

It costs an arm and a leg

A

خیلی گران است

102
Q

Heir

A

The person who has the legal right to receive the property or title of another person when they die
وارث

103
Q

Pupil (countable)

A

Student

Someone who is being taught

104
Q

Cuisine

A

A particular style of cooking

*French cuisine
*Vegetarian cuisine

105
Q

Dance should be prescribed as therapy

A
106
Q

Release hormones

A
107
Q

Equipment. (Uncountable)

A
108
Q

Economic (adj)

A

Economic difficulty

109
Q

A significant number of individuals are of the opinion …….

A

Many peole think

110
Q

Controversial

A

بخث برانگیز

111
Q

Enigmatic

A

Mysterious and difficult to understand
معمایی، رازآلود

112
Q

The earliest evidence

A
113
Q

Outlive

A

To remain alive after someone else has died

  • microbes will outlive humans
114
Q

Invisible to the naked eye

A
115
Q

Ubiquitous

A

Seeming to be everywhere

*Microbes are ubiquitous

116
Q

Inhabit

A

Live

117
Q

Seaweed

A

جلبک

118
Q

Armpit

A

زیر بغل

119
Q

Gut

A

روده

120
Q

Bloodstream

A

جریان خون

121
Q

Bizarre , alien planet

A

Strange

122
Q

The attitude towards something

A
123
Q

Foe

A

Enemy

124
Q

Villain

A

The main bad character in film or story

125
Q

Symbiotic relationship

A

رابطه همزیستی

126
Q

Combat obesity

A
127
Q

Obsession with hygiene

A
128
Q

Overuse of
Excessive use of

A
129
Q

Duty

A

Task

130
Q

Cottage

A

Small house in the country
کلبه

131
Q

Calorie

A

کالری

132
Q

Escalator

A

پله برقی

133
Q

Unconscious

A

ناخودآگاه

134
Q

Modification

A

تغییر

135
Q

Knitting

A

بافندگی

136
Q

Handicraft

A

هنر دست

137
Q

Outlay

A

Cost, expense

138
Q

Revered

A

Admired مورد تحسین

139
Q

Rower

A

پارو زن

140
Q

Sails and rigging

A

بادبان و دکل

141
Q

Oar

A

پارو

142
Q

Oarsmen

A

Rowers

پارو زنها

143
Q

Iron bars

A

میله های آهن

144
Q

Copper

A

مس

145
Q

Marble

A

سنگ مرمر

146
Q

Granite

A

سنگ گرانیت

147
Q

Grain

A

غلات
The seeds of crops such as corn ,wheat, or rice that are gathered for use as food

148
Q

Crops

A

محصولات زراعی

149
Q

Gigantic

A

Huge, very big

150
Q

Quay (ki)

A

اسکله

151
Q

Artefact

A
152
Q

Thaw out

A

It gets warmer until it is a normal temperature again

153
Q

Degradation

A

The process by which sth changes to a worse condition

  • these materials experience degradation relatively swiftly
154
Q

Swiftly

A

Quickly, immediately

155
Q

Venturing

A

A new business that involves taking risks

  • hunters kept regularly venturing into the mountains
156
Q

Molecule

A

مولکول

157
Q

Detect

A

To notice or discover sth, especially sth that is not easy to see

یافتن، شناسایی کردن

158
Q

Gauge

A

An instrument for measuring the size or amount of sth

159
Q

Mercury

A

جیوه

160
Q

Bud (v)

A

To produce buds
جوانه کردن، غنچه کردن

161
Q

Bud (n)

A

غنچه، جوانه

162
Q

Pinpoint (v)

A

To discover or explain exactly the real facts about sth, to find or show the exact position of sth

مشخص کردن، اشاره دقیق کردن

  • It’s difficult to pinpoint the cause of the accident
  • They need to pinpoint exactly what skills are necessary
  • The latest research pinpoints for the first time……
163
Q

Yield (n)

A

The amount of profits or crops etc that sth produces
بازده‌، محصول

Agricultural yields
Crops yields

164
Q

Laboratory

A
165
Q

Resilient

A

Strong and not easily damaged
مقاوم

Resilient to thermal stress and climate change

166
Q

Bind(v)

A

متصل کردن

Phytochrome molecules bind themselves to DNA to restrict plant geowth

167
Q

Revert

A

To change back to a situation that existed in the past
برگشتن، برگرداندن

Phytochromes revert to their inactive state during the night

168
Q

Dual role

A

نقش دوگانه

169
Q

Rhyme (raim)

A

A short poem or song , especially for children

170
Q

Oak tree

A

درخت بلوط

171
Q

Culmination of sth

A

اوج، حد اعلی در‌ چیزی

The new findings are the culmination of twelve years of research

172
Q

Deckchair

A

A folding chair with a long seat made of cloth , used especially on the beach

173
Q

Patio

A

پاسیو

174
Q

Potted plants

A

Plants which growing inside pot

175
Q

Voyage

A

A long journey in a ship or spacecraft

176
Q

Clumsy

A

دست و پا چلفتی
Careless

177
Q

Skull

A

جمجمه

178
Q

Pigeon

A

کبوتر

179
Q

Specimen

A

نمونه

180
Q

Interval

A

بازه زمانی

181
Q

Ventilate

A

To let fresh air into a room
تهویه کردن

182
Q

Ventilation

A

تهویه هوا

183
Q

Lid

A

A cover for the open part of a pot , box, other container

184
Q

Inscription

A

A piece of writting inscribed on a stone

سنگ نوشته

185
Q

School-aged children
School-aged kids
Students
Pupils

A
186
Q

Pacifier

A

پستونک

187
Q

Toddler

A

A very young child is just learning to walk

188
Q

Hunch over video games

A

قوز کردن روی بازی کامپیوتری

189
Q

Circuit

A

جریان

A new circuit in our species’ brain…..

190
Q

Binary

A

The binary system used in computers in which only 0,1 are used

191
Q

Versus

A

در مقابل

192
Q

Err (v)

A

Old use: make a mistake

193
Q

Critical analysis

A
194
Q

Thorough (adj)

A

Including every possible detail

تمام و کمال

کامل

195
Q

Isolated words and phrases

A

کلمات و عبارات جدا شده

*Students are tending to read isolated words and phrases in a text to save time

196
Q

Police forces

A

نیروهای پلیس

197
Q

Stroke

A

سکته

198
Q

Divergence

A

واگرایی

If opinions, interests etc diverge , they are different from each other

199
Q

Congested

A

Full of traffic

200
Q

At an astonishing rate

A
201
Q

Advocate

A

To publicy support a particular way of doing sth

حامی، مدافع

202
Q

Solicitor

A

وکیل دادگستری

203
Q

Confined space

A

فضای محدود

204
Q

Confine

A

Restrict/
To keep someone or something within the limits of a particular activity or subject

205
Q

Seal

A

خوک آبی

206
Q

Lighthouse

A

فانوس دریایی

207
Q

Penguins

A

پنگوئن ها

208
Q

Inquisitive

A

Curious
کنجکاو

209
Q

Contaminated

A

آلوده

210
Q

Turf

A

A surface that consists of soil with grass

211
Q

Arena

A

میدان مسابقات

212
Q

Emblematic

A

نمادین

Seeming to represent or be a sign of something

213
Q

Versatile

A

Having many different uses/ همه کاره

*Versatile stadiums

214
Q

Fortress

A

A large strong building used dor defending an important place

دژ ، قلعه

215
Q

Acoustics

A
216
Q

Amphitheatre

A
217
Q

Rather than

A

Instead of

218
Q

Depot

A

A place where goods are stored until they are needed

business & study (8 decks)

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