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CBS602 UL I: Shoulder, Arm and Elbow > Neurovasculature of the Shoulder, Arm & Elbow > Flashcards

Neurovasculature of the Shoulder, Arm & Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the subclavian artery?

A

To supply blood to the upper limbs and parts of the neck and head.

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2
Q

True or False: The subclavian artery branches into the axillary artery.

A

True.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The subclavian artery becomes the ___ artery after passing the first rib.

A

axillary

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4
Q

What are the main branches of the axillary artery?

A

The lateral thoracic artery, subscapular artery, and anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries.

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5
Q

Which artery continues from the axillary artery into the arm?

A

Brachial artery.

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6
Q

Multiple choice: Which artery is NOT a branch of the brachial artery? A) Radial artery B) Ulnar artery C) Subclavian artery

A

C) Subclavian artery.

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7
Q

What is the clinical significance of the brachial artery?

A

It is commonly used to measure blood pressure and is a site for arterial access.

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8
Q

True or False: The axillary artery is divided into three parts based on its relation to the pectoralis minor muscle.

A

True.

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9
Q

What is the role of the lateral thoracic artery?

A

It supplies the lateral aspect of the thorax, including the serratus anterior muscle.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The ___ artery supplies blood to the posterior aspect of the shoulder.

A

subscapular

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11
Q

What is the anatomical landmark used to locate the brachial artery?

A

It is located in the anterior compartment of the arm, medial to the biceps brachii muscle.

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12
Q

Multiple choice: The axillary artery is located: A) Inferior to the clavicle B) Superior to the scapula C) Lateral to the spine

A

A) Inferior to the clavicle.

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13
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the brachial artery?

A

Radial artery and ulnar artery.

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14
Q

True or False: The subclavian artery supplies blood to the brain.

A

True.

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15
Q

What is the relationship between the subclavian artery and the vertebral artery?

A

The vertebral artery is a branch of the subclavian artery.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The ___ artery is responsible for supplying blood to the forearm and hand.

A

radial

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17
Q

Multiple choice: Which artery runs along the medial side of the forearm? A) Radial artery B) Ulnar artery C) Brachial artery

A

B) Ulnar artery.

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18
Q

What is the significance of the anastomosis between the radial and ulnar arteries?

A

It provides collateral circulation to the hand.

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19
Q

True or False: The axillary artery supplies blood to the breast.

A

True.

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20
Q

What is the primary source of blood supply to the arm?

A

Brachial artery.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The ___ artery is often used for drawing blood in the cubital fossa.

A

brachial

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22
Q

What is the first branch of the subclavian artery?

A

Vertebral artery.

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23
Q

Multiple choice: The axillary artery is divided into three parts based on its relationship to which muscle? A) Pectoralis major B) Pectoralis minor C) Latissimus dorsi

A

B) Pectoralis minor.

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24
Q

What is the role of the subscapular artery?

A

It supplies blood to the subscapularis muscle and surrounding areas.

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25
Q

True or False: The brachial artery can be palpated in the cubital fossa.

A

True.

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26
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian artery that supply the upper limb?

A

Thyrocervical Trunk
Transverse Cervical Artery
Suprascapular Artery
Dorsal Scapular Artery

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27
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian artery that supply the upper limb?

A

Thyrocervical Trunk
Transverse Cervical Artery
Suprascapular Artery
Dorsal Scapular Artery

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28
Q

What is the function of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

It supplies blood to the thyroid gland and structures in the neck and shoulder region.

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29
Q

What is the function of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

It supplies blood to the thyroid gland and structures in the neck and shoulder region.

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30
Q

What does the transverse cervical artery supply?

A

It supplies blood to the trapezius and other muscles in the posterior neck.

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31
Q

What is the primary function of the suprascapular artery?

A

It supplies blood to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles of the shoulder.

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32
Q

What does the dorsal scapular artery supply?

A

It supplies blood to the rhomboids and levator scapulae muscles.

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33
Q

What does the dorsal scapular artery supply?

A

It supplies blood to the rhomboids and levator scapulae muscles.

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34
Q

How does the subclavian artery connect to the axillary artery?

A

It forms an anastomosis with the 3rd part of the axillary artery via the subscapular artery.

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35
Q

How does the subclavian artery connect to the axillary artery?

A

It forms an anastomosis with the 3rd part of the axillary artery via the subscapular artery.

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36
Q

How many parts does the axillary artery have, and what are they?

A

The axillary artery has three parts: 1st Part
2nd Part
3rd Part

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37
Q

What is the branch of the 1st part of the axillary artery?

A

The superior thoracic artery.

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38
Q

What are the branches of the 2nd part of the axillary artery?

A
  1. Thoracoacromial trunk
    Branches:
    Clavicular
    Pectoral
    Deltoid
    Acromial
  2. Lateral thoracic artery
39
Q

What are the branches of the 3rd part of the axillary artery?

A

Subscapular artery
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
Posterior circumflex humeral artery

40
Q

What is the mnemonic for remembering the branches of the axillary artery?

A

Screw The Lawyer Save A Patient

S: Superior thoracic (1st part)
T: Thoracoacromial trunk (2nd part)
L: Lateral thoracic (2nd part)
S: Subscapular (3rd part)
A: Anterior circumflex humeral (3rd part)
P: Posterior circumflex humeral (3rd part)

41
Q

Why is knowledge of the axillary artery important in clinical practice?

A

Understanding the axillary artery and its branches is crucial for surgical procedures and in the assessment of vascular injuries in the upper limb.

42
Q

What area does the anterior circumflex humeral artery primarily supply?

A

It supplies the shoulder joint and surrounding muscles, including the deltoid.

43
Q

How does the anterior circumflex humeral artery contribute to shoulder circulation?

A

It forms anastomoses with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and other branches around the shoulder joint.

44
Q

What does the posterior circumflex humeral artery supply?

A

It supplies the shoulder joint, deltoid muscle, and parts of the triceps brachii.

45
Q

How does the posterior circumflex humeral artery contribute to shoulder circulation?

A

It forms anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral artery and with the subscapular artery.

46
Q

What is the significance of the anastomoses between the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries?

A

The anastomoses ensure collateral circulation to the shoulder region, which is crucial during arm movement and in cases of arterial blockage.

47
Q

Which artery is typically larger, the anterior or posterior circumflex humeral artery?

A

The posterior circumflex humeral artery is typically larger than the anterior circumflex humeral artery.

48
Q

Where is the brachial artery located in the arm?

A

The brachial artery is situated in the medial arm, in the groove between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles.

49
Q

How does the position of the brachial artery change in relation to the median nerve?

A

Proximal half: Medial to the median nerve.
Distal half: Lateral to the median nerve.

50
Q

Where does the brachial artery lie at the elbow?

A

At the elbow, the brachial artery lies medial to the biceps tendon and deep to the bicipital aponeurosis.

51
Q

What is the primary branch of the brachial artery?

A

The deep brachial artery (also known as profunda brachii).

52
Q

What is the termination point of the brachial artery?

A

The brachial artery terminates by bifurcating into the radial and ulnar arteries.

53
Q

Why is the location of the brachial artery clinically significant?

A

Understanding its location is crucial for procedures such as blood pressure measurements, venipuncture, and surgical interventions in the arm.

54
Q

What is the function of the brachial plexus?

A

The brachial plexus supplies the upper limb (UL) with motor and sensory innervation.

55
Q

What forms the brachial plexus?

A

The brachial plexus is formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-T1, which emerge between the anterior and middle scalenes.

56
Q

What are the five main component parts of the brachial plexus?

A

Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches

57
Q

How many roots does the brachial plexus have, and which spinal nerves contribute to them?

A

There are five roots, formed by the anterior rami of C5 to T1.

58
Q

What are the three trunks of the brachial plexus, and from which roots do they arise?

A

Superior trunk: From C5 and C6.
Middle trunk: From C7.
Inferior trunk: From C8 and T1.

59
Q

How are the divisions of the brachial plexus arranged?

A

Each trunk splits into two divisions:

Three anterior divisions
Three posterior divisions

60
Q

What are the three cords of the brachial plexus, and how are they named?

A

Lateral cord (from anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks)
Medial cord (from anterior division of the inferior trunk)
Posterior cord (from all three posterior divisions)

61
Q

What are the five terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve
Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve

“U R MMA”

62
Q

What is a common mnemonic to remember the components of the brachial plexus?

A

Read That Damn Cadaver Book, which stands for:

Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches

63
Q

What are the root contributions of the Musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve: C5, C6, C7

64
Q

What are the root contributions of the median nerve?

A

C6-T1 (C5 in some individuals)

“M1”

65
Q

What are the root contributions of the Ulnar nerve?

A

C8, T1 (“Ulez requires below 18 yr old Cars”)

66
Q

What are the root contributions of the Axillary and Radial nerve?

A

Axillary nerve: C5, C6 “Axe splits 5 and 6”
Radial nerve: C5-T1 “(R)oad to Area 51”

67
Q

What is the origin of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

It originates from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, formed by roots C5, C6, and C7.

68
Q

Describe the course of the musculocutaneous nerve.

A

It pierces the coracobrachialis muscle.
Descends between biceps brachii and brachialis.
Continues as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.

69
Q

What structures are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • Anterior compartment of the arm: Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii, and Brachialis.
  • Skin of the lateral aspect of the forearm (via the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm).
70
Q

What is the mnemonic to locate the terminal branches on a brachial plexus diagram?

A

The shape of the “M” formed by the Musculocutaneous, Median, and Ulnar nerves helps to identify these branches in a brachial plexus diagram.

71
Q

What is the origin of the median nerve?

A

The median nerve originates from the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus, with contributions from C5/6-T1.

72
Q

Describe the course of the median nerve in the arm.

A

It descends through the arm, lateral to the brachial artery.
At the cubital fossa, it crosses to lie medial to the brachial artery.

73
Q

Which muscles in the anterior compartment are innervated by the median nerve?

A

The median nerve innervates the anterior/flexor compartment of the forearm, except for:

Flexor carpi ulnaris
The ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus

74
Q

Which muscles in the hand are innervated by the median nerve?

A

The median nerve innervates the muscles of the thenar eminence and the first two lumbricals

75
Q

Which muscles in the anterior compartment are innervated by the median nerve?

A

The median nerve innervates the anterior/flexor compartment of the forearm, except for:

Flexor carpi ulnaris
The ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus

76
Q

What areas of the skin are supplied by the median nerve?

A

The skin of the lateral half of the palm and the lateral three and a half fingers on the palmar side are supplied by the median nerve.

77
Q

Describe the course of the ulnar nerve in the arm and forearm.

A

It descends medially through the arm and passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
It then descends along the ulnar aspect of the forearm to reach the hand.

78
Q

Which muscles in the forearm are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

The ulnar nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus.

79
Q

What is the origin of the ulnar nerve?

A

The ulnar nerve originates from the medial cord of the brachial plexus, with contributions from C8-T1.

80
Q

What muscles in the hand are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

The ulnar nerve innervates all the hand muscles except for the thenar muscles and the first two lumbricals (which are innervated by the median nerve).

81
Q

Which areas of the skin are supplied by the ulnar nerve?

A

The ulnar nerve supplies the medial half of the dorsal and palmar aspects of the palm, and the medial one and a half fingers.

82
Q

What is the origin of the axillary nerve?

A

The axillary nerve originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, with contributions from C5 and C6.

83
Q

Describe the course of the axillary nerve in the shoulder.

A

It passes through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery.
It then winds around the surgical neck of the humerus.

84
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?

A

The axillary nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles.

85
Q

Which area of the skin is supplied by the axillary nerve?

A

It supplies the skin over the lower half of the deltoid (known as the Admiral’s badge area).

86
Q

What is the origin of the radial nerve?

A

The radial nerve originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, with contributions from C5-T1.

87
Q

Describe the course of the radial nerve in the arm and forearm.

A
  • It passes inferior to teres major with the deep brachial artery in the radial groove of the humerus.
  • It runs between the lateral and medial heads of triceps brachii.
  • It then passes anterior to the lateral epicondyle to enter the cubital fossa, where it divides into a superficial (cutaneous) and deep (motor) branch.
88
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?

A

The radial nerve innervates all muscles of the posterior arm and forearm.

89
Q

Which areas of the skin are supplied by the radial nerve?

A

The radial nerve supplies the skin of the posterior and inferolateral arm, posterior forearm, and the lateral side of the dorsum of the hand, as well as the dorsal surface of the lateral three and a half fingers.

90
Q

What is the characteristic position of the arm in Erb’s Palsy?

A

The arm is in the “waiter’s tip” position:
Arm by the side
Medial rotation
Pronated forearm

91
Q

What causes Klumpke’s Palsy?

A

Forced separation of the arm from the head, such as during birth or grabbing something above during a fall.

92
Q

Which nerve roots are affected in Klumpke’s Palsy?

A

C8 and T1 nerve roots.

93
Q

What is the characteristic hand deformity in Klumpke’s Palsy?

A

Claw hand:

Flexed medial fingers due to paralysis of the lumbrical muscles.

CBS602 UL I: Shoulder, Arm and Elbow (4 decks)

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