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Biochemistry Final > Neurotransmitters and Their Precursors > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters and Their Precursors Flashcards

1
Q

Phenylalanine function/defect

A

Phenylketonuria missing phenylalanine hydroxylase

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2
Q

Phenylalanine reactions

A

Phe -> Tyr

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3
Q

What is NutraSweet?

A
  • D/L phenylalanine + aspartate
  • AKA: Aspartame
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4
Q

What does tyrosine convert into?

A

L dopa

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5
Q

What does L dopa convert into?

A

Dopamine

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6
Q

What does dopamine convert into?

A

Norepinephrine

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7
Q

What does norepinephrine convert into?

A

Epinephrine

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8
Q

Regarding pigmentation, what does tyrosine convert into?

A

Melanin

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9
Q

What enzyme converts tyrosine into melanin?

A

Tyrosinase

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10
Q

Regarding thyroid hormones, what does tyrosine convert into?

A

Thyroxine (T4 inactive)
Triiodothyronine (T3 active)

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11
Q

What does T4/T3 control?

A

Metabolism by making bigger and more mitochondria

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12
Q

What can tryptophan be converted into?

A
  • Serotonin
  • Melatonin
  • Niacin
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13
Q

Serotonin reaction

A

Trp -> 5OHTrp ->5HTP (5 hydroxytryptamine)

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14
Q

High levels of tryptophan

A
  • Panic
  • Diarrhea
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15
Q

Low levels of tryptophan

A
  • Worry
  • Constipation
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16
Q

Melatonin reaction

A

Low light in pineal gland -> melatonin

17
Q

Histidine function

A

H1 histamine receptor:
- Capillary (vasodilator)
- Hypothalamus (releases anterior pituitary hormone)
H2 histamine receptor:
- Parietal cells (stomach)
- Releases stomach cells

18
Q

Histidine reactions

A

Histidine -> histamine

19
Q

Most important excitatory NT in the CNS

A

Glutamate

20
Q

Glutamate “gatekeeper”

A

Magnesium

21
Q

What does glutamate bind to?

A

NMDA receptor

22
Q

Most important inhibitory NT in the CNS

A

GABA

23
Q

Low levels of glutamate

A

Depression

24
Q

Inhibitory NT in skeletal muscle interneuron

A

Glycine

25
Q

AA responsible for vasodilation

A

Arginine

26
Q

Arginine reaction

A
  • Arginine -> Citrulline
  • Makes nitric oxide
27
Q

What does the metabolism of AAs require?

A

Vitamin B6

Biochemistry Final (19 decks)

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