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Biochemistry Final > DNA -> RNA -> Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

DNA -> RNA -> Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

DNA -> RNA is termed

A

Transcription

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2
Q

Location of transcription

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

3 phases of transcription

A
  • Initiation
  • Elongation
  • Termination
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4
Q

RNA polymerase binds to promotor region

A

Transcription: Initiation

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5
Q

Complementary base pairs are added 5’ to 3’; DNA reads 3’ to 5’

A

Transcription: Elongation

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6
Q

Stop code is reached, hairpin loop is created

A

Transcription: Termination

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7
Q

RNA molecules involved in transcription

A
  • rRNA
  • mRNA
  • tRNA
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8
Q

Transcribes rRNA

A

RNA polymerase I

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9
Q

Transcribes mRNA

A

RNA polymerase II

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10
Q

Transcribes tRNA

A

RNA polymerase III

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11
Q

Consists of small (40S) and large (60S) subunit to make 80S ribosome

A

rRNA

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12
Q

What does rRNA consist of?

A
  • 40S small subunit
  • 60S large subunit
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13
Q

What does rRNA make?

A

80S ribosome

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14
Q

What does mRNA contain?

A

Codon

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15
Q

Number of bases in mRNA

A

3

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16
Q

What does each codon code?

A

1 AA

17
Q

What does tRNA consist of?

A

4 loops

18
Q

Most important anticodon and acceptor stem

A

tRNA

19
Q

Base pairs with the mRNA

A

Anticodon loop

20
Q

Binds AA

A

Acceptor loop

21
Q

Enzyme that binds AA to tRNA

A

AminoacyltRNA synthetase (requires ATP)

22
Q

RNA -> Protein is termed

A

Translation

23
Q

Location of translation

A

Cytoplasm

24
Q

3 phases of translation

A
  • Initiation
  • Elongation
  • Termination
25
Q

mRNA binds to small ribosomal subunit at start “AUG”

A

Translation: Initiation

26
Q

What binds during the initiation phase of translation?

A

Large ribosomal subunit

27
Q

What is created during the initiation phase of translation?

A

P site

28
Q

Base pairing occurs with next tRNA entering the A site

A

Translation: Elongation

29
Q

What is made during the elongation phase of translation?

A

Peptide bond

30
Q

What slides down one codon during the elongation phase of translation?

A

mRNA

31
Q

Stop code is reached, release factor binds, protein leaves, subunits break up

A

Translation: Termination

Biochemistry Final (19 decks)

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