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Neuro > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classes of neurotransmitter?

A

Amino acids (GABA), monoamines (dopamine and histamine), peptides and others (acetylcholine)

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2
Q

Describe synthesis and storage of transmitters

A
  1. Synthesis of enzymes in cell body
  2. Slow axonal transport of enzyme through microtubules
  3. Synthesis and packaging of neurotransmitter, release and diffusion, transport of precursors into terminal
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3
Q

Explain the process of exocytosis

A
  1. Docking- vesicle binds to membrane before AP invades terminal
  2. Ca2+ sensing- entry triggers fusion of vesicle
  3. Endocytosis- New vesicle membrane pinched off
  4. Loading- New vesicle filled with neurotransmitter
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4
Q

What are the types of postsynaptic receptors?

A

Inotropic- fast response (ion channels open)

Metabotropic- slow response (second messenger activation/ G protein)

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5
Q

Types of metabotropic receptors

A

Phospholipase C

Adenylyl cyclase

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6
Q

What is EPSP and IPSP?

A

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential

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7
Q

How are synaptic inputs integrated in the postsynaptic neurone?

A

Convergence- information from more than one neuron (100,000)

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8
Q

Describe summation of excitatory inputs

A
  1. Spatial- summation of EPSPs at different synapse

2. Temporal- summation of EPSPs at the same synapse

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9
Q

What are the effects of inhibitory inputs?

A
  1. Excitatory inputs depolarise the dendrite of the neuron
  2. Depolarisation passively propagates towards the soma
  3. Inhibitory input suppresses the excitation, reducing the membrane depolarisation, preventing action potential generation
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10
Q

What is an agonist drug?

A

Mimics the effect of the endogenous neurotransmitter

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11
Q

What is an antagonist drug?

A

Blocks the effect of the endogenous neurotransmitter

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12
Q

Name drugs and their effects at cholinergic synapses

A

Nicotine- activates ACh receptors in brain
Curare- poison, blocks muscle contraction so paralysis
Atropine- dilates pupils

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13
Q

Name drugs and their effects at GABAergic synapses

A

Ethanol- affects level of inhibition, cognition and motor function
Barbiturates- mild sedation to full anaesthesia
Neurosteroids- endogenous modulators, changed during menstrual cycle

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