Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Define neuromoduoators giving examples
They are synapse associated chemical substances that affect the activity of several neurons. They have more time affecting the synapses before being degraded, the differ from transmitters with regards duration of action.
Adenosine, ATP, NO
Define neurohormones giving examples
Are chemical substances substances synthesized in neurons and secreted into blood stream
Oxytocin & vasopressin of hypothalamus
S&F of Ach
S, motor neurons, basal ganglia, preganglionic autonomic neurons, postganglionic parasympthaetic neurons & symp innervating sweat glands & skeletal muscle blood vessels. Highest conc in motor cortex & thalamus
F, arousal, learning & motor control
S&F of NE
S, pons, medulla & most postganglionic symp neurons
F, control of mood, reward system, arousal , regulation of feeding & blood pressure regulation, inhibitory by b2 & excitatory by a1
The neurotransmitter which represesnts more than 50% of CNS catecholamine content & its sites
Dopamine
Basal ganglia, limbic system
State the primary mechanism of cocaine
Bind to reuptake transporters of serotonin, NE & dopamine and block their reuptake into the presynaptic axon ending
Mechanism of action of GABA
It is an inhibitory transmitter by increasing Cl- conductance causing membrane hyperpolarization
Write a short note on benzodiazepines
Drugs that increase the ability of GABA to activate its receptors in brain & spinal chord. Used in epileptic seizures & seizures due to drug overdose or poisons to inhibit motor spinal nerves. Also used to treat anxiety & sleeplessness.
Glycine is found in …&….
Antagonized by…..
Spinal cord & medulla
Strychnine
Mention glutamate & aspartate receptors & functions
NMDA, AMPA & Kinate receptors
Memory & learning
S&F of substance P
It is present in the endings of the primary sensory neurons of the spinal cord & brain stem
Excitatory transmitter of pain sensation
Slowly acting neurotransmitters are ….&….
Substance P
Endogenous opioid peptides
