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Pharm2011 > Neurotransmitter Regulation > Flashcards

Neurotransmitter Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 Biogenic Amines?

A
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2
Q

What is a unique structural feature of catecholamines?

A
  • catechol ring
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3
Q

How are catecholamines synthesised?

A

Tyrosine -> L-Dopa -> Dopamine -> Noradrenaline -> Adrenaline

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4
Q

How are catecholamines metabolised in nerve terminals and the liver?

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5
Q

How is serotonin (5HT) made?

A
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6
Q

What are the CNS effects of the neurotransmitters, Noradrenaline, Domaine and Seratonin? Discuss what effects are unique.

A
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7
Q

What are the cell bodies for NE, Seratonin and Dopamine?

A
  • Locus coeruleneus
  • Raphe nuclei
  • Ventral tegmental area
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8
Q

What are the 5 key stages of neurotransmission?

A
  1. synthesis
  2. storage
  3. reuptake
  4. metabolism
  5. receptor activation
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9
Q

What are the 2 stimulants and antidepressants of noradrenaline neurotransmission?

A
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10
Q

What are the 2 stimulants and antidepressants of seratonin neurotransmission?

A
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11
Q

Compare the effect of stimulants and antidepressents.

A
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12
Q

Discuss the key 5 stages of neurotransmission with regard to Noradrenaline.

A
  1. Synthesis - Tyrosine -> Dopa -> dopamine
  2. Storage - into vesicles via VMAT
  3. Metabolism - MAO, break down noradrenaline
  4. Release - released into the synaptic cleft, can activate adrenoreceptors
  5. degradation - NET, takes it up
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13
Q

What are indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines?
What are 3 drugs that fall under this class?

A
  • indirectly causes the release of NE: doesn’t act on the actual receptor, causes release, therefore, mimics the effect of NE
  • amphetamines, ephedrine, tyramine
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14
Q

What are the direct and indirect sites of action of indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines?

A
  • NET (direct)
  • VMAT (direct)
  • Adrenoreceptors (indirect)
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15
Q

What is a drug class and examples that block Noradrenaline Transporter (NET)?

A
  • NET inhibitors: blocks NET, prevents reuptake and metabolism in the presynaptic nerve terminal, leaves NE in cleft for a more extended period of time, increases the duration of action)
  • Desipramine (antidepressant)
  • Cocaine (stimulant)
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16
Q

What is a drug class and examples that block Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)?

A
  • MAO inhibitors: leads to decrease the metabolism of neurotransmitters
  • ## Moclobemide (not used much due to side effects)
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17
Q

Explain the “Cheese effect” of MAO inhibitors.

A
18
Q

Discuss the key 5 stages of neurotransmission with regard to Serotonin.

A
  1. Synthesis - Tryptophan -> 5-TH
  2. Storage - into vesicles via VMAT
  3. Metabolism - MAO breaks it down
  4. Release - into postsynaptic nerve terminals
  5. Reuptake - SERT
19
Q

What is a drug class indirectly increases the amount of serotonin released? Provide and example.

A
  • indirect serotonergic agonists
  • MDMA ( this can also act directly on the receptors)
20
Q

What is a drug class that selectively blocks the reuptake of serotonin via SERT? Provide an example.

A
  • selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • fluoxetine (antidepressants)
21
Q

What classes of drugs are causing drug-induced deaths in Australia?

A
22
Q

What classes of drugs are causing hospitalisation in Australia?

A
23
Q

What is the most common depressant?

A

Alcohol

24
Q

What is the main mechanism of alcohol action?

A

activation of GABA, the main inhibitory transmitter in the CNS

25
Q

How is alcohol metabolised?

A
26
Q

What are neurotoxicity and hepatoxicity in alcohol toxicity?

A
27
Q

Discuss Alcohol tolerance

A
28
Q

What is the main component of cannabis? What is its mechanism of action?

A

THC

29
Q

What drug class increases excitation in the brain?

A

psychostimulants

30
Q

What drug class is dopamine? What can happen if we have too little or too much?

A
31
Q

What drug class is cocaine? What is its mechanism of action? What are some effects of this drug?

A
32
Q

What are the pharmacokinetic of cocaine? Administration? Half-life?

A
33
Q

What are the toxic effects of cocaine?

A
34
Q

What drug class is methamphetamine (“Ice”)? What is the difference between these and amphetamines? What is the mechanism of action?

A
35
Q

What are the effects of methamphetamines?

A
36
Q

What is the route of administration of methamphetamines?

A
37
Q

What is the mechanism of action of MDMA? What are some effects?

A
38
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of MDMA?

A
39
Q

What are the negative effects of MDMA?

A
40
Q

What are psychotomimetic drugs? Examples? Who discovered these?

A
  • LSD and psilocybin (magic mushrooms)
  • mimic psychosis (when you have a break from reality)
  • Hoffman in 1943 and 1957
41
Q

What is the mechanism of action of LSD and psilocybin?

A
42
Q

What are some long-term implications for recreational drugs?

A

Pharm2011 (7 decks)

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