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Pharm2011 > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Compare the length of neurons in para/sympathetic nerves

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2
Q

What is physiological antagonsim

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3
Q

Compare the action of para/ sympathetic innervation with regard to;

  • Pupils
  • Bronchi
  • Heart Rate
  • GIT action
  • Defection/ Urination
  • Male sex organs
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4
Q

What are the exceptions to the antagonistic parasympathetic control of the ANS?

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5
Q

Do muscarinic and a and b adrenic receptors mediate?

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6
Q

Discuss how a and b receptors are expressed in blood vessels?

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7
Q

What did Otto Loewi discover?

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8
Q

What are the 4 steps of neuritransmission?

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9
Q

What are cholinergic neurons?

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10
Q

What is the Ach an agonist for?

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11
Q

What does Ach-esterase do?

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12
Q

Whys does Ach have limited therapeutic use?

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13
Q

What is the Cholinergic synapse?

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14
Q

What is the Adreneric Synapse?

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15
Q

Why is NA therapeutically useful?

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of Cholinergic and Adreneric receptors?

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17
Q

What type are Nicotinic Receptors and what two subtypes does it have?

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18
Q

What type are Muscarinic Receptors and what 5 subtypes does it have?

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19
Q
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20
Q

What type are Adrenergic Receptors and what subtypes does it have? What are a and b associated with?

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21
Q

What is cholinergic?

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22
Q

What does the cholinergic system include?

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23
Q

What are the major cholinergic functions at;

  • Autonomic level
  • Somatic motor neurons
  • In the CNS
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24
Q

What are 4 cholinergic drug targets?

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25
Q

What 3 drug classes promote cholinergic transmission (give 2 examples for both)?

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26
Q

What 4 drug classes inhibit cholinergic transmission (give examples)?

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27
Q

What type of G proteins do the different muscarinic receptors activate?

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28
Q

Describe the major muscarinic effects on tissues;

Heart - M2
Blood vessels - M3
Lung Bronchioles - M3
GIT - M3
Stomach - M1
Urinary bladder - M3
Eye - M3
Glands - M3

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29
Q

Describe the effects f muscarinic receptor blockade by antagonists on the the following organs;

  • heart
  • blood vessels
  • ling bronchioles
  • git
  • urinary bladder
  • eye
  • glands
  • stomach
  • CNS
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30
Q

What is Atropine?

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31
Q

Give 5 examples of clinical use of M receptor antagonists.

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32
Q

What are nicotinic receptors?

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33
Q

What are NMJ blocking agents? Compare non-depolerising and depolerising agents.

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34
Q

How do neuromuscular nicotinic receptors work?

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35
Q

What is Curare?

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36
Q

What is vecuronium?

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37
Q

What is does succinylcholine do?

What are its uses and side effects?

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38
Q

What is tetany and tetanic fade?

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39
Q

What drug targets exocytosis?

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40
Q

What is Botulinum toxin?
non FDA approved clinical uses?
Approved clinical uses?

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41
Q

How does botulinum toxin work?

Fusion and endocytocis?

Mode of action?

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42
Q

What drug targets acetylcholinesterase?

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43
Q

Compare medium duration and irreversible AChE inhibitors

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44
Q

What are the effects after AchE is inhibited?

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45
Q

What is the clinical use of the following AchE inhibitors?

  • neostigmine
  • physostigmine ecothiopate
  • neostigmine, pyridostigmine
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46
Q

What is Myathenia gravis?

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47
Q

What are symptoms of Myasthenia gravis? What is myasthenia crisis?

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48
Q

What is glaucoma?

  • definition
  • facts
  • intraocular pressure effect
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49
Q

What are symptoms of Myasthenia gravis? What is myasthenia crisis?

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50
Q

Discuss gaucolma.

  • definition
  • facts
  • cause
  • therapeutic targeting
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51
Q

Glaucoma treatment: Muscarinic receptor agonists.

  • pilocarpine
  • carbachol
  • side effects (systemic and ocular)
  • precautions
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52
Q

Glaucoma treatment: Beta-blockers

  • Timolol
  • action
  • indication
  • side effects (ocular and systemic)
  • contraindications
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53
Q

a2-adreneric receptor agonists: Apraclonidine

  • action
  • side effects (ocular)
  • contraditions
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54
Q

Discuss Overactive Bladder (OAB)

  • definition
  • facts
  • symptoms
  • micturition reflex
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55
Q

Efferent motor control of storage and voiding phase of bladder

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56
Q

Explain the abnormal bladder contraction in OAB

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57
Q

Causes and types of OAB

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58
Q

Discuss neurogenic causes of OAB

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59
Q

Discuss myogenic cause of OAB

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60
Q

Discuss how urothelial dysfunction can lead to OAB

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61
Q

Treatment of OAB: Muscarinic receptor antagonist

  • give 4 examples
  • mechanism of action
  • clinical trial data for darifenacin
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62
Q

What drug-drug interaction do you need to be aware of? Why?

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63
Q

What are the adverse effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists?

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64
Q

What is a contraindication?

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65
Q

What are the contraindications/ cautions of antimuscarinics

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66
Q

What are long-term effects of AC medications?

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67
Q

Treatment of OAB: b3-adrenergic receptor agonist

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68
Q

b2-adrenergic agonist: mirabegron

  • mechanism
  • indications
  • precautions
  • side effects
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69
Q

Treatment of OAB: Botulinum toxin

  • mechanism of action
  • benefits
  • side effects
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70
Q

What are new potential OAB therapy targets

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71
Q

Compare parasympathomimetics (3) and anticholinergics (4)

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72
Q

What are side effects?

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73
Q

Compare on-target and off-target side effects.

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74
Q

Define selectivity. How is this used in clinical practice?

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75
Q

Compare selectivity vs specificity

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76
Q

What key principles control affinity of drug binding?

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77
Q

Why do we have different names for adrenaline?

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78
Q

Discuss symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction, what is administered, and how it affects the system and side effects.

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79
Q

What is heart block/ bradycardia?

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80
Q

What are the Adrenergic receptor subtypes?

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81
Q

Discuss the effects of adrenergic stimulation of the cardiovascular system.

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82
Q

Discuss the effects of adrenergic stimulation on the respiratory system.

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83
Q

Discuss the effects of adrenergic stimulation on energy metabolism.

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84
Q

Discuss the effects of adrenergic stimulation in the GI and renal systems

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85
Q

Discuss the effects of adrenergic stimulation in the eye

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86
Q

Draw a table comparing these effects

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87
Q

Discuss adrenergic receptor signalling in smooth muscle (a1 and b2/3)

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88
Q

Discuss adrenergic receptor signalling in the heart

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89
Q

Discuss isoprenaline.

  • when you’d use it
  • mechanism of action
  • adverse effects
  • routine administration
  • pharmacokinetic parameters
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90
Q

Why couldn’t you use B1 selective agonists in heart block?

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91
Q

Discuss BPH symptoms.

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92
Q

Discuss prazosin;

  • mechanism of action
  • indication
  • contradictions
  • side effects
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93
Q

Discuss ANS pathways that control erection and detumescence.

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94
Q

Discuss adrenergic receptor selectivity with regard to BPH.

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95
Q

Discuss tamsulosin;

  • Mechanism of action
  • Indication
  • Contraindications
  • Side effects
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96
Q

Discuss historical muscarinic and adrenergic antagonists for the treatment of asthma.

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97
Q

Discuss the cardiovascular effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline and what receptors they act on.

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98
Q

What is a proprietary name and an international non-proprietary name?

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99
Q

Discuss salbutamol;

  • Mechanism of action
  • Indications
  • Precautions
  • Side effects (inhaled v iv/oral v obstetric use)
  • Route of administration
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100
Q

What is angingina pectoris?

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101
Q

Discuss coronary blood flow

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102
Q

Discuss the effect of propranolol;

  • Mechanism of action
  • Indication
  • Contradictions
  • Side effects
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103
Q

What are the signs of hypogylcaemia? How does this relate to b-blockers?

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104
Q

Discuss metoprolol;

  • Mechanism of action
  • indications
  • Contradictions
  • Side effects
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105
Q

How do b-blockers affect blood pressure in healthy vs hypertensive patients?

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Pharm2011 (7 decks)

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