Neurotoxicity

Question 1

organophosphorus compounds in pesticides neurotoxicity mechanism

Answer 1

inhibits acetylcholinestrase which prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine at synapse cleft, increasing the concentration of acetylcholine at synaptic cleft leading to cholinergic syndrome

Question 2

management of pesticide toxicity

Answer 2

decontaminate
airway stability
activated charcoal

Question 3

antidotes for organophosphorous pesticide toxicity

Answer 3

atropine, pralidoxime

Question 4

lead toxicity mechanism

Answer 4

1. it is incorporated into Ca2+ molecular structures due to chemical similarity, and interferes with vital proteins. it can bind to sulfhydryl, amine, phosphate and carboxyl group
2. increases Ca2+ in neurons

Question 5

effects of lead toxicity in children

Answer 5

encephalopathy (cerebral edema, neuron degeneration and necrosis)

Question 6

effects of lead toxicity

Answer 6

peripheral neuropathy (degeneration of peripheral neurons/motor neurons)

Question 7

lead toxicity treatment (3 methods)

Answer 7

chelation therapy
oral chelating agent
parenteral administration of penicillamine

Question 8

botulinum toxin is produced by

Answer 8

spore of clostridium botulinum (gram positive, rod, anaerobic)

Question 9

symptoms of botulinum toxin toxicity

Answer 9

inhibit skeletal muscle innervation
muscular paralysis
blurred vision
difficulty swallowing
respiratory paralysis

Question 10

botulinum toxin mechanism

Answer 10

enters ciculation and binds to presynaptic membrane of nerve terminals.
enter neural cytosol
block release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine
inhibits muscle contractions and weakening of muscles