Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral Neuroscience > Neuroscience Methods > Flashcards

Neuroscience Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Techniques for Visualizing the brain

A
  1. Histology
  2. Imaging the Living Brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Histology Techniques

A
  1. Brainbow
  2. Golgi Stain
  3. c-fos
  4. Tracers (anterograde & retrograde)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Imaging the living brain techniques

A
  1. X-ray CT
  2. MRI
  3. PET
  4. DTI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Golgi Stain

A

Show us what neurons look like - cell body, dendrites, dendritic spines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Brainbow

A

different types of dyes - each neuron that is genetically different from another neuron will be colored differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

c-fos

A

which neurons are activated when I give this particular drug in this particular area (which neurons were c-fos positive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tracers

A

-Anterograde: injected in cell body area - tracing outlines neurons from their cell bodies to their terminals
-Retrograde: injected in terminals - tracing outlines neurons from their terminals to their cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

X-ray CT

A

-(CT = computerized Tomography)
-Structural differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MRI

A

-(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
-Structural or functional
-More refined than CT scans
-Gray matter positioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function MRI

A

Measure increased activity (BOLD)
-Blood Oxygen Level Deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DTI

A

-(Diffusion Tensor Imaging)
-White matter positioning, fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PET

A

-(Positron Emission Tomography)
-Radioactive ligands injected, picks up radioactivity released in the brain when imaging it
-Changes in receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Measuring Brain Activity

A

-Ex Vivo Electrophysiology
-In Vivo Electrophysiology
-Electroencephalography (EEG)
-Ex Vivo Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry
-In Vivo Microdialysis
-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Behavioral testing

A
  1. Wheel running
  2. Elevated plus maze
  3. Social interaction
  4. Morris water maze
  5. Rotarod
  6. Von Frey
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Drug Administration Techniques

A
  1. Free & voluntary intake
  2. Operant conditioning
  3. Inhalation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Manipulating brain & behavior

A
  1. Optogenetics
  2. Transmagnetic Stimulation
  3. Deep Brain Stimulation
17
Q

Ex Vivo Electrophysiology

A

-Use a recording pipette - break through membrane of neuron, suck the membrane up, tight vacuum seal
-Can measure action potentials, changes in voltages, etc.
-Single ionotropic channel recording
-measures neuronal activity in acutely prepared brain slices using either patch-clamp technology or extracellular recordings
-Brain slices permit recording of synaptic currents and membrane potentials, providing mechanistic insight into drug action.

18
Q

In Vivo Electrophysiology

A

-measures neuronal activity in the brain as either local field potentials or single units
-Brain regions are targeted precisely, and the effect of test compounds can be assessed following either systemic delivery or by direct application using iontophoresis

19
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

-a test that detects abnormalities in your brain waves, or in the electrical activity of your brain
-During the procedure, electrodes consisting of small metal discs with thin wires are pasted onto your scalp
-The electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity of your brain cell

20
Q

Ex Vivo Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

A

Measure changes in dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin release and uptake (clearance from the synapse)

21
Q

In Vivo Microdialysis

A

Measure changes in neurotransmitter, amino acid & peptide release

22
Q

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

A

-Detect glutamate, choline, creatine, lactate and lipids, N-acetyl aspartate, Myo-inositol
-non-invasive analytical technique used to study changes in brain tumors, strokes, seizure disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, depression and other diseases
-analyze chemical composition of tissues
-analyze neurotransmitters

23
Q

Wheel Running

A

-Measure locomotive activity in rats and mice
-Exercise measure

24
Q

Elevated Plus Maze

A

-Measures anxiety-like behavior
-2 open arms and 2 closed arms

25
Q

Social Interaction

A

-cage Mate vs non-cage mate on different sides of the cage
-See who a rat will interact with
-see where the rat spends most of its time

26
Q

Morris Water Maze

A

-Test of memory
-Tub of water with a platform
-Rodents don’t like to be in water, so they will swim until they find the platform
-Test to see how long it takes the rat to find the platform and if they remember where it is

27
Q

Rotarod

A

-Can rats stay on the rod while it’s rotating
-Performance test

28
Q

Von Frey

A

-Mesh or barred floor
-Pain test - not a painful test, tests mechanical allodynia
-Use hairs of different thickness
-Assesses pain response

29
Q

Free & Voluntary Intake

A

put both water bottles and ethanol bottles in the cage - allow rat to choose

30
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

-Intravenous self-administration or Oral
-Showing the rat that there is a lever present, and if you press that lever at the right time (when the light turns on), you will get access to the drug

31
Q

Inhalation

A

Place the animal in inhalation chambers and vaporize the drug → vapor floods the chamber and the rat/mouse will breathe it in

32
Q

Optogenetics

A

-a technique in which genes for light-sensitive proteins are introduced into specific types of brain cells in order to monitor & control their activity precisely using light signals

-allows researchers to control how nerve cells communicate

-Uses light stimulation & genetic modification

-All of these studies are used by specific viruses that are not detrimental to health, they will just insert certain proteins

-Channelrhodopsin: cation (sodium) channel, gets activated by blue light - 473nM (Optical excitation of neurons) –> used to depolarize neurons, increase neuronal activity

-Halorhodopsin: anion (chloride) channel, gets activated by yellow light - 589nM (Optical inhibition of neurons)
–> used to hyperpolarize neurons, decrease neuronal activity

33
Q

Transmagnetic Stimulation

A

-Send magnetic stimulation through the skull to activate certain types of neurons (non-invasive)
-Use for depression, anxiety, addiction, etc.
-Cannot be used for deep brain structures

34
Q

Deep Brain Stimulation

A

-Neurosurgeons place a probe deep in the brain to activate a circuit with positive stimulation
-More invasive
-Used to treat Parkinson’s

Behavioral Neuroscience (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions