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Behavioural Neuroscience > Neuropsychological Assessment (9) > Flashcards

Neuropsychological Assessment (9) Flashcards

1
Q

An applied science concerned with the behavioural expression of brain dysfunction

A

Clinical neuropsychology

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2
Q

What were four reasons that WW1 provided the first push for the development of clinical neuropsychology?

A

Pre-screening
Diagnosis for injured soldiers
Monitoring “behaviourally disturbed” servicemen
Rehabilitation

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3
Q

What were grounding contributions to the origins of the field of clinical neuropsychology?

A

Neuroscience
Educational psychologists
Experimental studies on behaviour and cognitive function i both humans and animals

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4
Q

Imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT, MRI

A

Static

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5
Q

Imaging techniques such as EEG, PET, fMRI

A

Dynamic

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6
Q

Who are assessments given to?

A

Anyone interested in the identification, assessment, care and treatment/rehabilitation of brain-injured patients

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7
Q

What are the five different purposes that may prompt a neuropsychological examination?

A

Diagnosis, patient care and planning, treatment, research, forensic questions

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8
Q

What are the four uses of diagnosis?

A

Discriminate between psychiatric and neurological symptoms

Distinguish between neurological conditions

Early detection and prediction

Behavioural data for localizing the site or side of the damage

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9
Q

Why has the use of neuropsychological assessments as a diagnostic tool declined over time?

A

Development of sensitive, reliable and noninvasive imaging techniques

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10
Q

Despite advances in imaging techniques, why are neuropsychological assessments still used?

A

Images cannot identify nature/degree of behavioural deficits
Document the cognitive abilities of those with inconsistent anatomical findings

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11
Q

What are some ways in which neuropsychological assessments help patient care?

A

Answer questions regarding a patient’s capacity for self-care, likelihood of following treatment plans, and likelihood that they can function independently

Follow the course of neurological conditions over time

Provide information to the patient about their functioning

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12
Q

What aspects of treatment are neuropsychological assessments relevant to?

A

Treatment planning, evaluating treatment effectiveness

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13
Q

What relevance do neuropsychological assessments have to forensic psychology?

A

Legal proceedings and criminal cases

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14
Q

What does the collateral information component of NP assessment pertain to?

A

Chart reviews
Radiological investigations/diagnostic tools
Psychiatric history and diagnoses
Neurological examinations
Previous NP assessment results
Interview with family members
Cultural issues
Legal history (if forensic case)

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15
Q

What are key considerations of the clinical interview component of NP assessments?

A

Basic personal information
Current medications
Languages
Subjective cognitive complaints
Psychological/emotional issues
Medical history
Developmental history
Substance use history

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16
Q

What are the two key things to consider before testing?

A

When to examine the patient
What tests should be used

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17
Q

What are the three ways that behaviours of interest can be thought of ?

A

Cognition (memory, language, etc)
Emotionality (feelings and motivations)
Executive functions (How behaviour is expressed)

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18
Q

Drawing conclusions based on the scores obtained using standardized test

A

Quantitative

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19
Q

What is the drawback of quantitative methods?

A

Doesn’t consider how the individual performed the task

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20
Q

Behavioural observations/how the person went about the task

A

Qualitative

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21
Q

What is the drawback of qualitative methods?

A

Lacks objective standardization

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22
Q

Which 8 cognitive domains are assessed?

A

Orientation (optional), pre-morbid intellectual functioning, attention and information processing speed (IPS), language, visual perceptual abilities, learning and memory, executive functions, malingering

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23
Q

The awareness of oneself in relation to one’s surroundings in time and space

A

Orientation

24
Q

In which circumstances does impaired orientation usually arise?

A

Recent injury or injuries with widespread cortical involvement

25
Q

Which test is usually given to assess orientation?

A

WMS-111

26
Q

A ”rough guess” measure of general cognitive ability reflective of the individual’s level of functioning prior to the onset of the disease/illness/etc

A

Pre-morbid intellectual functioning

27
Q

Which 4 components are considered for testing pre-morbid intellectual functioning?

A

Vocabulary, phonetically atypical word reading, general knowledge, visual reasoning

28
Q

Which test is typically given for assessment of phonetically atypical word reading?

A

NAART

29
Q

Why is it difficult to test just for attention or IPS?

A

They underlie all other domains

30
Q

What are 6 ways in which attention and IPS can be assessed?

A

Reaction time, attention span, working memory, sustained attention, divided attention, neglect

31
Q

What is a common test for attention span?

A

Digit span (Forwards/backwards)

32
Q

What is a common test for working memory?

A

Letter-number sequencing

33
Q

Impairments in language functioning or the inability to comprehend and/or formulate language due to damage in specific brain regions

A

Aphasia

34
Q

Difficulties in language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s (receptive) aphasia

35
Q

Can comprehend language, but has difficulty with production

A

Broca’s (expressive) aphasia

36
Q

What are 8 considerations when assessing language?

A

Spontaneous speech/free conversation, repetition of words, comprehension, reading (alexia), writing (agraphia), naming (anomia), verbal fluency, semantic fluency

37
Q

What is a common test to assess comprehension?

A

Token test

38
Q

What is a common test to assess naming?

A

Boston naming test

39
Q

What is a common verbal fluency test?

A

FAS

40
Q

Difficulty with naming pictures or objects, categorizing, or knowing the uses and features of object

A

Semantic dementia

41
Q

The difficulty in articulation of speech sounds due to weakness, paralysis, or poor coordination of the muscles of the vocal cords, tongue, lips, etc

A

Dysarthria

42
Q

Measures of perception along with a motor and spatial component

A

Visual perceptual abilities

43
Q

What are 4 considerations when assessing visual perceptual abilities?

A

Visuoconstruction, visual organization, spatial ability, neglect

44
Q

What is a common test to assess visuoconstruction?

A

Cube/House drawing

45
Q

What is a common test to assess spatial ability?

A

JOLO (line orientation)

46
Q

What is a common test to assess neglect?

A

Cross Out Lines

47
Q

The inability of an individual to perceive more than a single object at a time

A

Simultagnosia

48
Q

What are three considerations when assessing leraning and memory?

A

Verbal memory, visual memory, narrative recall

49
Q

What is a common test to assess verbal memory?

A

CVLT

50
Q

What is a common test to assess visual memory?

A

BVMT

51
Q

What is a common test to assess narrative recall?

A

Logical memory task

52
Q

What are ten considerations when assessing executive functioning?

A

Problem solving, multi-tasking, conceptual abilities, response inhibition, initiation, sequencing, abstraction, reasoning, self-awareness, organization

53
Q

What are three common tests to assess executive functioning?

A

Sorting, colour-word, concepts

54
Q

The fabricating of symptoms of cognitive impairment for a variety of reasons (typically some sort of personal gain)

A

Malingering

55
Q

Which statistical test is typically used to examine the results of NP assessments?

A

Z-scores

56
Q

What is the typical z-score cutoff for impairment?

A

-1.5 SD on two or more tests

Behavioural Neuroscience (8 decks)

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