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Behavioural Neuroscience > Neuroanatomy Review (1) > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Review (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Division of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord.

A

CNS

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2
Q

Division of the nervous system composed of cranial and spinal nerves.

A

Somatic nervous system

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3
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic (arousing), parasympathetic (calming)

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4
Q

Which division of the nervous system controls the gut?

A

Enteric nervous system

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5
Q

Sensory information goes into CNS (incoming)

A

Afferent information

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6
Q

Motor information leaves CNS (outgoing)

A

Efferent information

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7
Q

Orientation: Above/towards the top

A

Dorsal/superior

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8
Q

Orientation: Below/towards the bottom

A

Ventral/Inferior

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9
Q

Orientation: Towards/at the middle

A

Medial

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10
Q

Orientation: Towards/at the side

A

Lateral

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11
Q

Orientation: In front of

A

Anterior/rostral

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12
Q

Orientation: In back/behind

A

Posterior/caudal

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13
Q

Orientation: From the front

A

Frontal

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14
Q

Slice: Axial/horizontal/transverse

A

Dorsal/ventral

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15
Q

Slice: Sagittal

A

Medial

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16
Q

Slice: Coronal

A

Frontal

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17
Q

Three layers of protective tissue that encase the brain and spinal cord that protects the nervous system

A

Meninges

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18
Q

What are the three divisions of the meninges?

A

Dura mater (outer), arachnoid layer (middle), pia mater (inner)

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19
Q

Colourless solution made of various salts and ions that fills the ventricles and circulates around the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid space

A

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

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20
Q

Inflammation of the meninges (particularly in the pia mater and arachnoid layer and the CSF between them)

A

Meningitis

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21
Q

Major structure of the forebrain with two “identical” left and right hemispheres that is responsible for most conscious behaviours

A

Cerebrum

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22
Q

Little brain, major brainstem structure specialized in learning and coordinating movement and balance

A

Cerebellum

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23
Q

Small protrusions on the folded cortex

A

Gyri/Gyrus

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24
Q

Grooves/valleys of the cortex

A

Sulci/Sulcus

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25
What are the three main fissures?
Longitudinal, lateral, parieto-occipital
26
Thin sheet of nerve tissue folded multiple times to fit inside the skull
Cerebral cortex
27
What is the main function of the frontal lobe?
Executive function
28
What is the main function of the parietal lobe?
Spatial, touch, vision (in relation to space)
29
What is the main function of the temporal lobe?
Language (left), music (right)
30
What is the main function of the occipital lobe?
Primary vision processing
31
Major structures of the brain responsible for most unconscious behaviours
Brainstem
32
What are the three major cerebral arteries?
Anterior, middle and posterior
33
Sudden appearance of neurological symptoms as a result of severe interruption of blood flow
Stroke
34
What are the two main cell types in the nervous system?
Neurons and glial cells
35
A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains and form a functional grouping
Nucleus
36
Fibre of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons
Axon
37
Large collection of axons coming together outside the CNS
Nerve
38
Large collection of axons coming together inside the CNS
Tract
39
Regions primarily made up of cell bodies and blood vessels
Grey matter
40
Areas rich in fat-sheathed (myelinated) neural axons
White matter
41
Largest white matter tract in the brain that connects the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route of direct communication
Corpus callosum
42
Wing-shaped cavities that contain CSF to cushion the brain
Ventricles
43
What are three roles of CSF?
Allowing certain compounds access to the brain Removing waste Cushions from injury
44
Several spinal segments that execute most body movements and can sometimes act independently of the brain
Spinal cord
45
What is the primary function of the hindbrain?
Motor
46
What are the four main components of the hindbrain?
Cerebellum, reticular formation, pons, medulla
47
What is the primary function of the midbrain?
Sensory
48
What are the two major divisions of the midbrain?
Tectum (sensory), tegmentum (motor)
49
What is the function of the diencephalon?
Sensorimotor integration
50
What are the two major structures of the diencephalon?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
51
Largest and most recently evolved region of the brain
Forebrain
52
Part of the forebrain that regulates most brain activities
Cerebral cortex (neocortex)
53
Which properties distinguish the six cortical layers?
Density, cell type and function
54
Regions of the cerebral cortex defined by their cytoarchitecture, or organization of cells
Broadman areas
55
Part of the forebrain that is responsible for control of voluntary movement
Basal ganglia
56
What are the three main structures of the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus
57
Part of the forebrain that regulates emotions and behaviours that produce/require memory
Limbic system (allocortex)
58
What are the three principle components of the limbic system?
Amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate cortex
59
What are the afferent functions of the SNS?
Sensory inputs
60
What are the efferent functions of the SNS?
Motor control
61
What are the five anatomical regions of the spinal cord?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
62
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
63
What does the law of Bell and Magendie describe?
Dorsal/posterior root fibres are afferent Ventral/anterior root fibres are efferent

Behavioural Neuroscience (8 decks)

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