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Behavioural Neuroscience > Neuroanatomy Review (1) > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Review (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Division of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord.

A

CNS

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2
Q

Division of the nervous system composed of cranial and spinal nerves.

A

Somatic nervous system

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3
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic (arousing), parasympathetic (calming)

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4
Q

Which division of the nervous system controls the gut?

A

Enteric nervous system

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5
Q

Sensory information goes into CNS (incoming)

A

Afferent information

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6
Q

Motor information leaves CNS (outgoing)

A

Efferent information

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7
Q

Orientation: Above/towards the top

A

Dorsal/superior

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8
Q

Orientation: Below/towards the bottom

A

Ventral/Inferior

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9
Q

Orientation: Towards/at the middle

A

Medial

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10
Q

Orientation: Towards/at the side

A

Lateral

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11
Q

Orientation: In front of

A

Anterior/rostral

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12
Q

Orientation: In back/behind

A

Posterior/caudal

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13
Q

Orientation: From the front

A

Frontal

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14
Q

Slice: Axial/horizontal/transverse

A

Dorsal/ventral

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15
Q

Slice: Sagittal

A

Medial

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16
Q

Slice: Coronal

A

Frontal

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17
Q

Three layers of protective tissue that encase the brain and spinal cord that protects the nervous system

A

Meninges

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18
Q

What are the three divisions of the meninges?

A

Dura mater (outer), arachnoid layer (middle), pia mater (inner)

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19
Q

Colourless solution made of various salts and ions that fills the ventricles and circulates around the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid space

A

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

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20
Q

Inflammation of the meninges (particularly in the pia mater and arachnoid layer and the CSF between them)

A

Meningitis

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21
Q

Major structure of the forebrain with two “identical” left and right hemispheres that is responsible for most conscious behaviours

A

Cerebrum

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22
Q

Little brain, major brainstem structure specialized in learning and coordinating movement and balance

A

Cerebellum

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23
Q

Small protrusions on the folded cortex

A

Gyri/Gyrus

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24
Q

Grooves/valleys of the cortex

A

Sulci/Sulcus

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25
Q

What are the three main fissures?

A

Longitudinal, lateral, parieto-occipital

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26
Q

Thin sheet of nerve tissue folded multiple times to fit inside the skull

A

Cerebral cortex

27
Q

What is the main function of the frontal lobe?

A

Executive function

28
Q

What is the main function of the parietal lobe?

A

Spatial, touch, vision (in relation to space)

29
Q

What is the main function of the temporal lobe?

A

Language (left), music (right)

30
Q

What is the main function of the occipital lobe?

A

Primary vision processing

31
Q

Major structures of the brain responsible for most unconscious behaviours

A

Brainstem

32
Q

What are the three major cerebral arteries?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior

33
Q

Sudden appearance of neurological symptoms as a result of severe interruption of blood flow

A

Stroke

34
Q

What are the two main cell types in the nervous system?

A

Neurons and glial cells

35
Q

A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains and form a functional grouping

A

Nucleus

36
Q

Fibre of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons

A

Axon

37
Q

Large collection of axons coming together outside the CNS

A

Nerve

38
Q

Large collection of axons coming together inside the CNS

A

Tract

39
Q

Regions primarily made up of cell bodies and blood vessels

A

Grey matter

40
Q

Areas rich in fat-sheathed (myelinated) neural axons

A

White matter

41
Q

Largest white matter tract in the brain that connects the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route of direct communication

A

Corpus callosum

42
Q

Wing-shaped cavities that contain CSF to cushion the brain

A

Ventricles

43
Q

What are three roles of CSF?

A

Allowing certain compounds access to the brain
Removing waste
Cushions from injury

44
Q

Several spinal segments that execute most body movements and can sometimes act independently of the brain

A

Spinal cord

45
Q

What is the primary function of the hindbrain?

A

Motor

46
Q

What are the four main components of the hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum, reticular formation, pons, medulla

47
Q

What is the primary function of the midbrain?

A

Sensory

48
Q

What are the two major divisions of the midbrain?

A

Tectum (sensory), tegmentum (motor)

49
Q

What is the function of the diencephalon?

A

Sensorimotor integration

50
Q

What are the two major structures of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

51
Q

Largest and most recently evolved region of the brain

A

Forebrain

52
Q

Part of the forebrain that regulates most brain activities

A

Cerebral cortex (neocortex)

53
Q

Which properties distinguish the six cortical layers?

A

Density, cell type and function

54
Q

Regions of the cerebral cortex defined by their cytoarchitecture, or organization of cells

A

Broadman areas

55
Q

Part of the forebrain that is responsible for control of voluntary movement

A

Basal ganglia

56
Q

What are the three main structures of the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

57
Q

Part of the forebrain that regulates emotions and behaviours that produce/require memory

A

Limbic system (allocortex)

58
Q

What are the three principle components of the limbic system?

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate cortex

59
Q

What are the afferent functions of the SNS?

A

Sensory inputs

60
Q

What are the efferent functions of the SNS?

A

Motor control

61
Q

What are the five anatomical regions of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

62
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

63
Q

What does the law of Bell and Magendie describe?

A

Dorsal/posterior root fibres are afferent
Ventral/anterior root fibres are efferent

Behavioural Neuroscience (8 decks)

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