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Pharmacology > Neuropsycho > Flashcards

Neuropsycho Flashcards

1
Q

Simple monoamine hypothesis of depression

A

depression results from defiencies in monoamine (NE, serotonin) transmission

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2
Q

MOA of TCAs

A

block uptake of NE and 5-HT

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3
Q

MOA of atypical antidepressants

A

blocks alpha 2 autoreceptors on adrenergic and serotonergic cells

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4
Q

MOA of MAO inhibitors

A

inhibit MAO, which degrades NE, DA, and 5HT

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5
Q

Types of drugs used to treat depressive disorders

A 
SSRI
SNRI
atypical drugs
tricyclic antidepressants
MAO inhibitors
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6
Q

Compare SSRIs and TCAs

A

similar efficacy, time course

toxicity for SSRIs is less than TCAs and MAOs

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7
Q

side effects of SSRIs

A

nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfxn

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8
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is associated w/ what drugs

A

SSRIs

SNRIs

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9
Q

What is of concern in giving antidepressants to children and adolescents?

A

increased risk of suicidal thinking

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10
Q

what are some SSRI withdrawal symptoms

A

dizziness, visual disturbances, shock like sensations

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11
Q

How do prevents symptoms of SSRI withdrawal?

A

taper the medication or switch to fluoxetine, which self-tapers

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12
Q

SSRIs used for?

A 
major depression
OCD
panic disorder
social anxiety disorder
PTSD
generalized anxiety disorder
PMS
hot flashes
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13
Q

when does effect of TCAs take place in pts?

A

2-3 weeks

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14
Q

side effects of TCAs

A 
decreases REM, increases stage 4
anticholinergic
sedation
cardiac abnormalities
overdose-acute toxicity--fever, hyper/hypotension, seizure, coma, heart conduction issues
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15
Q

absorption of TCAs

A

fast

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16
Q

Half life of TCAs

A

long

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17
Q

drug interactions of TCAs

A

blocks guanethidine uptake
sympathomimetic drugs
other drugs’ absorption and metabolism

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18
Q

Time for effects of MAO inhibitors to take place in pts

A

2 wks

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19
Q

Toxicity of MAO inhibitors

A 
agitation
hallucinations
hyperpyrexia
convulsions
BP changes
20
Q

Name something that makes MAO inhibitors not a great antidepressant

A

MAO normally metabolizes tyramine, which is a releaser of NE.
so now you have to watch out for your diet

21
Q

major uses of MAO inhibitors

A

major depression–not first line

narcolepsy–secondary drug

22
Q

criteria for schizophrenia

A

two or more symptoms in a month with at least one of them a positive symptom

23
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech

24
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A 
blunted affect
lack of spontaneity
poor abstract thinking
poverty of though
social withdrawal
25
Q

what is the dopamine hypothesis

A

schizophrenia occurs due to hyperactive dopaminergic neurons or receptors, especially in limbic areas

26
Q

MOA of antipsychotics

A

affect dopamine systems

27
Q

fxn of mesolimbic tract

A

arousal, memory, processing stimuli, locomotor activity, motivational behavior

in dopamine hyperactivity–can lead to positive symptoms of schizoph.

28
Q

fxn of mesocortical tract

A

cognition, communication, social activity

reduced dopaminergic activity can lead to negative symptoms of schizoph.

29
Q

what happens w/ dopamine blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway

A

increased extrapyramidal symptoms

30
Q

what happens with blockade of 5HT2a in nigrostriatal pathway

A

decreased extrapyrimidal symptoms

31
Q

what happens with blockade of dopamine in tuberoinfundibular tract

A

increases prolactin release

32
Q

what does dopamine D1 receptor do?

A

activates Gs

33
Q

what does doapmine D2 receptor do?

A

activates Gi

34
Q

Which dopamine receptor is most important for the anti-psychotics?

A

D2 receptor

35
Q

What receptor does Haloperidol work at?

A

D2 receptor

36
Q

What receptor does Clozapine work at?

A

D4

37
Q

How do antipsychotics work?

A

block dopamine receptors, most importantly D2

38
Q

Describe atypical antipsychotics

A

newer antipsychotics

also block 5HT2 receptors in forebrain, oftentimes with greater potency than to DA receptors

39
Q

how are negative symptoms of schizophrenia treated?

A

not well with the older typical agents

atypical drugs are more effective at treating negative symptoms

40
Q

Effects of antipsychotic drugs

A

decrease in psychotic behavior
sedation
extrapyramidal effects (dystonia, Parkinsonism, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia)

41
Q

What are the benefits of atypical antipsychotics?

A

see less early extrapyramidal effects–dystonia, parkinsonism, akathisia

42
Q

side effects of antipsychotic drugs

A

anticholinergic
orthostatic hypotension (alpha receptor blockade)
neuroendocrine effects
allergic
cardiac effects (thioridazine)
decreased seizure threshold
weight gain–diabetes associated events are more common in atypicals use

43
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

possibly lethal hypodopaminergic side effect in antipsychotic drugs

hyperthermia, Parkinson-like, mutism

44
Q

advantages of atypical antipsychotics over typicals

A

less extrapyramidal symptoms–better compliance

may improve negative symptoms

45
Q

uses of antipsychotic drugs

A 
acute psychotic episodes
chronic schizophr
manic episodes
bipolar disorder
schizoaffective disorder
augmentation in depression
antiemesis
Tourette's

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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