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Pharmacology > Neuropsycho 2 > Flashcards

Neuropsycho 2 Flashcards

1
Q

manic episode criteria?

A 
exaggerated self esteem
less sleep
talkative
racing ideas
distractibility
more goal-directed activity
pleasurable activities--and bad consequences
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2
Q

anxiety disorder

A

sympathetic symptoms

muscle tension

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3
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder is

A

persistent anxiety for more than 1 month
absence of phobias, panic attacks, OCD
worry, anticipation of bad things, hyperattentive, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, on edge, impatience

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4
Q

what neurotransmitter is involved in slow wave sleep

A

serotonin

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5
Q

what neurotransmitter is involved in REM sleep

A

norepinephrine

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6
Q

anxiety is treated with

A

benzodiazepines
SSRIs
buspirone

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7
Q

insomnia is treated with

A

benzodiazepines
antihistamines
alcohol, cannabis, opiates

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8
Q

benzodiazepine receptor is associated w which neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

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9
Q

benzodiazepines bind to what receptor?

A

GABA A receptor

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10
Q

where is GABA in the CNS

A 
substantia nigra
globus pallidus
hippocampus
limbic-amygdala
hypothalamus
spinal cord (skeletal muscle relaxants)
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11
Q

What is the action of GABA at the GABA A receptor?

A

it causes the chloride channel in the receptor to open

hyperpolarization

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12
Q

how does benzodiazepine work

A

enhances action of GABA on GABA A receptor

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13
Q

how are benzodiazepines and barbiturates similar?

A

both enhance actions of GABA on GABA A receptors

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14
Q

cns actions of benzodiazepines

A 
reduces anxiety (limbic)
sedation
hyponosis
muscle relaxation (sp cord)
anterograde amnesia
anticonvulsant (limbic)
MINIMAL CV and resp effects
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15
Q

drug interactions for benzodiazepines

A

additive CNS depression along with ethanol, other hyponotics, sedating antihistamines

drugs impacting liver metabolism like cimetidine

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16
Q

uses of benzodiazepines

A 
anxiety
sleep disorder
muscle relaxant
seizure
IV sedation, anesthesia (still conscious but anterograde amnesia--wisdom teeth, put in tubes)
alcohol withdrawal
acute manic episodes
17
Q

benzodiazpine withdrawal

A 
anxiety
insomnia
headache
hyperacusis
hallucinations
seizures
18
Q

treatment for abuse of benzodiazepines

A

gradual dose reduction–use longer acting drugs

19
Q

effects of benzodiazepines on sleep

A

decreased time to sleep
increase in stage 1, 2 sleep
decrease in stage 3, 4, and REM sleep

20
Q

what happens when you withdraw benzodiazepines when they are used for insomnia

A

rebound insomnia

21
Q

adverse effects of benzodiazepines

A 
daytime drowsiness
ataxia 
rebound insomnia
tolerance and dependence
occasional excitement
22
Q

how does zolpidem compare to benzodiazepines for insomnia?

A

zolpidem does not change stage 3,4 sleep

23
Q

how do barbiturates compare with respect to benzodiazepines?

A

both act at GABA A receptor to enhance actions of GABA

barbiturates-more sedation

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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