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CAPS 301 T1 > Neurophysiology Terms > Flashcards

Neurophysiology Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Auditory Nerve - function

A

sensory: cochlea (hearing)
sensory: vestibular apparatus (gravity, head position, movement)

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1
Q

relative refractory period (def)

A

time after absolute refractory period, when a large stimulus (only) can cause an AP

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1
Q

otolith (def)

A

layer of CaCO3 crystals on top of fluid layer in utricle & saccule, increase density & inertia for better response

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2
Q

paradoxical co-activation (def)

A

activation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in situations of intense conflict

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3
Q

Intrafusal fibers (def)

A

fibers in muscle spindles which cause afferent neurons to create a generator potential when stretched

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3
Q

functional motor unit (def)

A

alpha-motor-neuron plus the muscle fibers it innervates

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4
Q

Abducens Nerve - function

A
  • motor: lateral eye movement
  • connected to III Oculomotor by medial/longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
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4
Q

electrotonus (def)

A

passive AP propagation, by +ve ion movement to more -ve areas (+ve enter through channels, -ve areas created by RMP); axial; by displacement of other +ve charges; dissipates over short distance because of leak channels

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4
Q

endolymph (def)

A

fluid inside membrane of vestibular apparatus; low [Na+], high [K+]

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5
Q

somatic (def)

A

(mostly) voluntary nerves, innervating skeletal muscles

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5
Q

hyperpolarization (def)

A

decrease in V_m

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6
Q

end-plate potential (EPP) (def)

A

signal at perimuscular membrane (motor end plate) of neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

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7
Q

Optic Nerve - function

A

sensory: vision

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8
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve - function

A

motor (voluntary): swallowing

motor (AUTONOMIC, parasympathetic): salivary glands

sensory: taste (front 1/3 of tongue)
sensory: CAROTID SINUS BARORECEPTOR

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9
Q

Kinocilium (def)

A

single large, stiff hair on top of hair cell, forced to bend by linked stereocilia

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10
Q

Active zones of NMJ pre-synaptic terminal (def)

A

rows of neurotransmitter vesicles aligned in rows above receptors on motor end-plate

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11
Q

Facial Nerve - function

A

motor (voluntary): facial expression

motor (AUTONOMIC, parasympathetic): lacrimal & salivary glands

sensory: taste (back 2/3s of tongue)

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12
Q

action potential (def)

A

Large, transmissible, ALL-OR-NOTHING signal

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13
Q

autonomic (def)

A

reflexive (non-voluntary) nerves, typically non-limb motor nerves

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14
Q

post-synaptic potential (PSP) (def)

A

temporary change in membrane potential at post-synaptic membrane, caused by neurotransmitter binding receptors on membrane

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16
Q

Vagus Nerve - function

A

motor (voluntary): pharynx - swallowing, larynx - phonation

motor (AUTONOMIC, parasympathetic): decrease heart rate, increase abdominal muscle secretion & motility

sensory: AORTIC BARO- and chemoRECEPTORS
sensory: GI tract

16
Q

ion permeability/conductance (g_K, g_Na, etc) (def)

A

how easily an ion can cross a membrane

16
Q

cupulla (def)

A

ridge at end of canals/loops of vestibular apparatus, extending into endolymph in ampulla (sways in fluid)

17
Q

Accessory Nerve - function

A

motor (voluntary): swallowing - reflexive component

motor (voluntary): shoulder shrugging

18
Q

Neuromuscular Junction post-synaptic terminal component(s)

A

motor end plate

19
Q

Neuromuscular Junction pre-synaptic terminal component(s)

A

distal alpha-motor neuron, attached Schwann cell

20
Q

perilymph (def)

A

fluid between bone and membrane of vestibular apparatus; high [Na+], low [K+]

21
Q

Olfactory Nerve - function

A

sensory: smell

23
Q

inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP) (def)

A

PSP bringing V_m further from threshold

24
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve - function

A

motor (voluntary): tongue

25
Q

phasic receptor (def)

A

rapidly-adapting, exhibit on-off response (measures on/off in time & space)

26
Q

absolute refractory period (def)

A

time immediately after AP, when the neuron is incapable of firing again

27
Q

tonic receptor (def)

A

slowly-adapting, measure degree of stimulus (e.g. pressure, degree of joint stretch/flexion)

28
Q

NMJ synaptic cleft location

A

between neuron ending and myocyte; contains basal lamina (hold the two together during movement)

30
Q

generator potential (def)

A

GRADED sensory neuron depolarization, proportional to stimulus; transient, caused by external force

31
Q

Trochlear Nerve - function

A

motor: eyeball movement

32
Q

threshold (def)

A

voltage that causes all available Na+ channels to be open, causing an AP

33
Q

sympathetic nervous system (def)

A

catabolic component of autonomic system

35
Q

Oculomotor Nerve - function

A

motor (voluntary): medial eye movement

motor (AUTONOMIC, parasympathetic): constrict pupil, thicken lens

37
Q

Cranial Nerve Names

A

Olfactory

Optic

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Trigeminal

Abducens

Facial

Auditory (Vestibulocochlear)

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Accessory

Hypoglossal

38
Q

Trigeminal Nerve - function

A

motor (voluntary): mastication

sensory: touch/temperature/pain to face/head/mouth

39
Q

available, re: gated ion channels (def)

A

activation gate closed, inactivation gate open; non-conducting but ready for depolarization; usual resting state

40
Q

ampulla (def)

A

widening at end of canals/loops of vestibular apparatus

43
Q

nerve (def)

A

bundle of axons, both sensory & motor, to & from the same location

44
Q

efferent (def)

A

motor

45
Q

depolarization (def)

A

increase in V_m

46
Q

Stereocilia (def)

A

small hairs on top of hair cell, forced to bend by inertia of endolymph

48
Q

afferent (def)

A

sensory

49
Q

Nodes of Ranvier (def)

A

gaps between myelinated segments of neuron

50
Q

Resting Membrane Potential (def)

A

normal voltage difference across a membrane (typically -70mV)

51
Q

excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) (def)

A

PSP bringing V_m closer to threshold

52
Q

parasympathetic nervous system (def)

A

anabolic component of autonomic system

CAPS 301 T1 (10 decks)

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