Heart Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of

Tricuspid Valve (def)

A

Connects right atrium and right ventricle

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2
Q

Definition of

Mitral Valve (def)

A

Connects left atrium and left ventricle

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3
Q

Definition of

Aortic Valve (def)

A

Connects left ventricle to aorta

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4
Q

Definition of

Pulmonary Valve (def)

A

Connects right ventricle to pulmonary artery

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5
Q

Definition of

Chordae tendinae (def)

A

Attach tricuspid and mitral (atrio-ventricular) valves to papillary muscles to prevent back-flow of blood during ventricular contraction

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6
Q

Definition of

Septum (def)

A

Separates left and right halves of heart

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7
Q

Definition of

Cardiac cycle (def)

A

Pressures, volumes & sounds the heart goes through in a single contract/relax cycle

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8
Q

Definition of

Pulmonary edema (def)

A

Fluid build-up in lungs, caused by CHP > COP at venous end (from heart failure)

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9
Q

Definition of

Sinus rate (def)

A

Rate of P waves, typically 60-100 bpm

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10
Q

Definition of

Isovolumetric contraction/relaxation (def)

A

ventricle contracts/relaxes while enclosed volume of blood remains constant

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11
Q

Definition of

Tunica adventitia (def)

A

Outermost layer of tissue around artery/arteriole; mostly connective tissue & fat

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12
Q

Definition of

Ventricular septal defect (def)

A

Hole between ventricles allowing blood to flow from LV -> RV; causes heart murmur

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13
Q

Definition of

Starling forces (def)

A

Forces that push fluid into/out of tissues from/to capillaries

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14
Q

Definition of

Training-induced Athletic Bradycardia (def)

A

Low resting HR in athletes

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15
Q

Definition of

Systole (def)

A

Ejection (contraction)

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16
Q

Definition of

Vagal tone (def)

A

Activity level of vagus nerve, at rest

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17
Q

Definition of

Systemic Vascular Resistance (def)

A

Difficulty of pumping blood through the body

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18
Q

Definition of

CHP (def)

A

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure; moves fluid out of the capillaries (filtration)

19
Q

Definition of

Normal sinus rhythm (def)

A
  • 1 P-wave per QRS complex (1:1)
  • All P waves facing up
  • Regular spacing
20
Q

Definition of

Metabolic Regulation of Blood Flow (def)

A

Local vasoconstriction or vasodilation caused by change in concentrations of tissue metabolites

21
Q

Definition of

CABG (def)

A

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; process of replacing a narrowed or blocked artery

22
Q

Definition of

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (def)

A

Disorganized heart depolarization and repolarization:

AV node gets APs in bunches, and lets through if not absolutely refractory

23
Q

Definition of

Ischemia (def)

24
Q

Definition of

Tissue metabolites (def)

A

Products of active cells: low O2, high CO2, high adenosine, high K+

25
# Definition of Cardiac Output (CO) (def)
Volume of blood ejected from heart, per minute
26
# Definition of Tunic (def)
Layer of tissue around lumen of artery/arteriole
27
# Definition of Angina (def)
Chest pain
28
# Definition of Cardiac cycle (def)
Pressures, volumes & sounds the heart goes through in one contraction/relaxation cycle
29
# Definition of Tachycardia (def)
Shortened interval between P waves
30
# Definition of Baroreceptors (def)
Stretch-sensitive afferent nerve endings
31
# Definition of Aortic stenosis (def)
Normal blood flow through narrowed artery; causes heart murmur
32
# Definition of Angioplasty (def)
Process of opening a narrowed vessel
33
# Definition of COP (def)
Capillary Oncotic Pressure; moves fluid into capillaries (Reabsorption)
34
# Definition of Diastole (def)
Filling (relaxation)
35
# Definition of Preload (def)
Amount of blood that goes into the heart during filling
36
# Definition of Dyspneia (def)
Shortness of breath
37
# Definition of Tunica intima (def)
Innermost layer of tissue around artery/arteriole; mostly endothelium
38
# Definition of Bradycardia (def)
Extended interval between P waves
39
# Definition of Cardiomyopathy (def)
Heart failure - heart not pumping effectively
40
# Definition of Blood pressure (def)
Pressure in blood vessels or heart chambers, relative to atmosphere
41
# Definition of Diaphoresis (def)
Sweating
42
# Definition of Mitral regurgitation (def)
Backflow of blood through mitral valve (LV->LA); causes heart murmur
43
# Definition of Afterload (def)
Pressure ventricles must generate to eject CO
44
# Definition of Tunica media (def)
Middle layer of tissue around artery/arteriole; mostly smooth muscle & elastic tissue