Heart Terms Flashcards
Definition of
Tricuspid Valve (def)
Connects right atrium and right ventricle
Definition of
Mitral Valve (def)
Connects left atrium and left ventricle
Definition of
Aortic Valve (def)
Connects left ventricle to aorta
Definition of
Pulmonary Valve (def)
Connects right ventricle to pulmonary artery
Definition of
Chordae tendinae (def)
Attach tricuspid and mitral (atrio-ventricular) valves to papillary muscles to prevent back-flow of blood during ventricular contraction
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Septum (def)
Separates left and right halves of heart
Definition of
Cardiac cycle (def)
Pressures, volumes & sounds the heart goes through in a single contract/relax cycle
Definition of
Pulmonary edema (def)
Fluid build-up in lungs, caused by CHP > COP at venous end (from heart failure)
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Sinus rate (def)
Rate of P waves, typically 60-100 bpm
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Isovolumetric contraction/relaxation (def)
ventricle contracts/relaxes while enclosed volume of blood remains constant
Definition of
Tunica adventitia (def)
Outermost layer of tissue around artery/arteriole; mostly connective tissue & fat
Definition of
Ventricular septal defect (def)
Hole between ventricles allowing blood to flow from LV -> RV; causes heart murmur
Definition of
Starling forces (def)
Forces that push fluid into/out of tissues from/to capillaries
Definition of
Training-induced Athletic Bradycardia (def)
Low resting HR in athletes
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Systole (def)
Ejection (contraction)
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Vagal tone (def)
Activity level of vagus nerve, at rest
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Systemic Vascular Resistance (def)
Difficulty of pumping blood through the body
Definition of
CHP (def)
Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure; moves fluid out of the capillaries (filtration)
Definition of
Normal sinus rhythm (def)
- 1 P-wave per QRS complex (1:1)
- All P waves facing up
- Regular spacing
Definition of
Metabolic Regulation of Blood Flow (def)
Local vasoconstriction or vasodilation caused by change in concentrations of tissue metabolites
Definition of
CABG (def)
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; process of replacing a narrowed or blocked artery
Definition of
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (def)
Disorganized heart depolarization and repolarization:
AV node gets APs in bunches, and lets through if not absolutely refractory
Definition of
Ischemia (def)
Low [O2]
Definition of
Tissue metabolites (def)
Products of active cells: low O2, high CO2, high adenosine, high K+
Definition of
Cardiac Output (CO) (def)
Volume of blood ejected from heart, per minute
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Tunic (def)
Layer of tissue around lumen of artery/arteriole
Definition of
Angina (def)
Chest pain
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Cardiac cycle (def)
Pressures, volumes & sounds the heart goes through in one contraction/relaxation cycle
Definition of
Tachycardia (def)
Shortened interval between P waves
Definition of
Baroreceptors (def)
Stretch-sensitive afferent nerve endings
Definition of
Aortic stenosis (def)
Normal blood flow through narrowed artery; causes heart murmur
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Angioplasty (def)
Process of opening a narrowed vessel
Definition of
COP (def)
Capillary Oncotic Pressure; moves fluid into capillaries (Reabsorption)
Definition of
Diastole (def)
Filling (relaxation)
Definition of
Preload (def)
Amount of blood that goes into the heart during filling
Definition of
Dyspneia (def)
Shortness of breath
Definition of
Tunica intima (def)
Innermost layer of tissue around artery/arteriole; mostly endothelium
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Bradycardia (def)
Extended interval between P waves
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Cardiomyopathy (def)
Heart failure - heart not pumping effectively
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Blood pressure (def)
Pressure in blood vessels or heart chambers, relative to atmosphere
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Diaphoresis (def)
Sweating
Definition of
Mitral regurgitation (def)
Backflow of blood through mitral valve (LV->LA); causes heart murmur
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Afterload (def)
Pressure ventricles must generate to eject CO
Definition of
Tunica media (def)
Middle layer of tissue around artery/arteriole; mostly smooth muscle & elastic tissue
