Heart Terms

Question 1

Definition of

Tricuspid Valve (def)

Answer 1

Connects right atrium and right ventricle

Question 2

Definition of

Mitral Valve (def)

Answer 2

Connects left atrium and left ventricle

Question 3

Definition of

Aortic Valve (def)

Answer 3

Connects left ventricle to aorta

Question 4

Definition of

Pulmonary Valve (def)

Answer 4

Connects right ventricle to pulmonary artery

Question 5

Definition of

Chordae tendinae (def)

Answer 5

Attach tricuspid and mitral (atrio-ventricular) valves to papillary muscles to prevent back-flow of blood during ventricular contraction

Question 6

Definition of

Septum (def)

Answer 6

Separates left and right halves of heart

Question 7

Definition of

Cardiac cycle (def)

Answer 7

Pressures, volumes & sounds the heart goes through in a single contract/relax cycle

Question 8

Definition of

Pulmonary edema (def)

Answer 8

Fluid build-up in lungs, caused by CHP > COP at venous end (from heart failure)

Question 9

Definition of

Sinus rate (def)

Answer 9

Rate of P waves, typically 60-100 bpm

Question 10

Definition of

Isovolumetric contraction/relaxation (def)

Answer 10

ventricle contracts/relaxes while enclosed volume of blood remains constant

Question 11

Definition of

Tunica adventitia (def)

Answer 11

Outermost layer of tissue around artery/arteriole; mostly connective tissue & fat

Question 12

Definition of

Ventricular septal defect (def)

Answer 12

Hole between ventricles allowing blood to flow from LV -> RV; causes heart murmur

Question 13

Definition of

Starling forces (def)

Answer 13

Forces that push fluid into/out of tissues from/to capillaries

Question 14

Definition of

Training-induced Athletic Bradycardia (def)

Answer 14

Low resting HR in athletes

Question 15

Definition of

Systole (def)

Answer 15

Ejection (contraction)

Question 16

Definition of

Vagal tone (def)

Answer 16

Activity level of vagus nerve, at rest

Question 17

Definition of

Systemic Vascular Resistance (def)

Answer 17

Difficulty of pumping blood through the body

Question 18

Definition of

CHP (def)

Answer 18

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure; moves fluid out of the capillaries (filtration)

Question 19

Definition of

Normal sinus rhythm (def)

Answer 19

• 1 P-wave per QRS complex (1:1)
• All P waves facing up
• Regular spacing

Question 20

Definition of

Metabolic Regulation of Blood Flow (def)

Answer 20

Local vasoconstriction or vasodilation caused by change in concentrations of tissue metabolites

Question 21

Definition of

CABG (def)

Answer 21

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; process of replacing a narrowed or blocked artery

Question 22

Definition of

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (def)

Answer 22

Disorganized heart depolarization and repolarization:

AV node gets APs in bunches, and lets through if not absolutely refractory

Question 23

Definition of

Ischemia (def)

Answer 23

Low [O2]

Question 24

Definition of

Tissue metabolites (def)

Answer 24

Products of active cells: low O2, high CO2, high adenosine, high K+

Question 25

Definition of

Cardiac Output (CO) (def)

Answer 25

Volume of blood ejected from heart, per minute

Question 26

Definition of

Tunic (def)

Answer 26

Layer of tissue around lumen of artery/arteriole

Question 27

Definition of

Angina (def)

Answer 27

Chest pain

Question 28

Definition of

Cardiac cycle (def)

Answer 28

Pressures, volumes & sounds the heart goes through in one contraction/relaxation cycle

Question 29

Definition of

Tachycardia (def)

Answer 29

Shortened interval between P waves

Question 30

Definition of

Baroreceptors (def)

Answer 30

Stretch-sensitive afferent nerve endings

Question 31

Definition of

Aortic stenosis (def)

Answer 31

Normal blood flow through narrowed artery; causes heart murmur

Question 32

Definition of

Angioplasty (def)

Answer 32

Process of opening a narrowed vessel

Question 33

Definition of

COP (def)

Answer 33

Capillary Oncotic Pressure; moves fluid into capillaries (Reabsorption)

Question 34

Definition of

Diastole (def)

Answer 34

Filling (relaxation)

Question 35

Definition of

Preload (def)

Answer 35

Amount of blood that goes into the heart during filling

Question 36

Definition of

Dyspneia (def)

Answer 36

Shortness of breath

Question 37

Definition of

Tunica intima (def)

Answer 37

Innermost layer of tissue around artery/arteriole; mostly endothelium

Question 38

Definition of

Bradycardia (def)

Answer 38

Extended interval between P waves

Question 39

Definition of

Cardiomyopathy (def)

Answer 39

Heart failure - heart not pumping effectively

Question 40

Definition of

Blood pressure (def)

Answer 40

Pressure in blood vessels or heart chambers, relative to atmosphere

Question 41

Definition of

Diaphoresis (def)

Answer 41

Sweating

Question 42

Definition of

Mitral regurgitation (def)

Answer 42

Backflow of blood through mitral valve (LV->LA); causes heart murmur

Question 43

Definition of

Afterload (def)

Answer 43

Pressure ventricles must generate to eject CO

Question 44

Definition of

Tunica media (def)

Answer 44

Middle layer of tissue around artery/arteriole; mostly smooth muscle & elastic tissue