Neurophysiology and regional brain syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

Type of oedema associated with an abscess

A

vasogenic

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2
Q

What structures make up the blood brain barrier?

A

Endothelial tight junctions (zonulae occludentes)
astrocytic foot processes
basement membrane

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3
Q

What is the name of the parasympathetic nerve to the detrusor muscle?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves (Nervi erigentes)

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4
Q

Pudendal nerve controls which sphincter?

A

External (urethral) sphincter

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5
Q

Allows bladder filling

A

sympathetic innervation to internal sphincter, bladder neck and trigone

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6
Q

Bladder function in spinal shock

A

atonic bladder during spinal shock phase - fills without sensation and without emptying. When shock subsides becomes ‘automatic’ and empties with little/no control.

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7
Q

How does oxybutynin work?

A

Anti-cholinergic - increases threshold at which involuntary bladder contraction occurs

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8
Q

What is Foster Kennedy syndrome?

A

Ipsilateral optic atrophy and contralateral pappiloedema

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9
Q

bilateral frontal lobe injury

A

abulia and apathy

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10
Q

what are the features of unilateral parietal lobe disease??

A

Cortical sensory syndrome
homonymous hemianopia
neglect (non dominant)

Dominant
aphasias
Gerstmanns
tactile agnosia (bilateral astereognosis)
bilateral ideomotor apraxia - inability to follow verbal commands

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11
Q

What are the features of Gerstmanns syndrome?

A
  1. Right left confusion
  2. Agraphia without alexia (cannot write but can read)
  3. Finger agnosia
  4. acalculia
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12
Q

How do you clinically differentiate between Collet Sicard and Vernet syndrome?

A

Collet Sicard = Vernet + Hypoglossal dysfunction

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13
Q

How do you differentiate between Villaret and Collet Sicard?

A

Villaret = Collet-Sicard + Horner’s

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