Neurophysiology and regional brain syndromes Flashcards
Type of oedema associated with an abscess
vasogenic
What structures make up the blood brain barrier?
Endothelial tight junctions (zonulae occludentes)
astrocytic foot processes
basement membrane
What is the name of the parasympathetic nerve to the detrusor muscle?
pelvic splanchnic nerves (Nervi erigentes)
Pudendal nerve controls which sphincter?
External (urethral) sphincter
Allows bladder filling
sympathetic innervation to internal sphincter, bladder neck and trigone
Bladder function in spinal shock
atonic bladder during spinal shock phase - fills without sensation and without emptying. When shock subsides becomes ‘automatic’ and empties with little/no control.
How does oxybutynin work?
Anti-cholinergic - increases threshold at which involuntary bladder contraction occurs
What is Foster Kennedy syndrome?
Ipsilateral optic atrophy and contralateral pappiloedema
bilateral frontal lobe injury
abulia and apathy
what are the features of unilateral parietal lobe disease??
Cortical sensory syndrome
homonymous hemianopia
neglect (non dominant)
Dominant
aphasias
Gerstmanns
tactile agnosia (bilateral astereognosis)
bilateral ideomotor apraxia - inability to follow verbal commands
What are the features of Gerstmanns syndrome?
- Right left confusion
- Agraphia without alexia (cannot write but can read)
- Finger agnosia
- acalculia
How do you clinically differentiate between Collet Sicard and Vernet syndrome?
Collet Sicard = Vernet + Hypoglossal dysfunction
How do you differentiate between Villaret and Collet Sicard?
Villaret = Collet-Sicard + Horner’s