NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
reversible state of insensibility to pain with loss of consciousness
general anesthesia
TRUE OR FALSE
local anesthetic is a set up roadblock between source of the impulse and the brain
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
LA can interpret the aborted impulse as pain
FALSE
aborted impulse won’t be interpreted as pain
confined to specific limited part of the body without loss of consciousness
local anesthesia
It is toxic to nerve that treat the patient with sharp and numb and more permanently
neurolytic agent
2 methods of LA that have more clinical practice
neurolytic and chemical agents (LA)
a structural unit that transmit messages between the CNS and all parts of the body
neuron
from peripheral organs to central nervous system
Sensory or afferent
from cns to peripheral organs
Motor or efferent
what are the 3 zones of sensory neuron that capable of transmitting the pain
dendritic zone
axon
cell body
a free nerve endings that respond to stimulation produced in the transmitted centrally along the axon
dendritic zone
a thin cable like structures that distributes sensory impulse and forms interpretation
axon
provides a metabolic support of entire neuron
cell body
motor neuron has 2 zones, which of those zones that can receives impuls and transmit it to the cell.
cell body
nerve membrane of the axon
axolemma
it is where the sensory nerve excitability and conduction
changes within nerve membrane
what kind of axon nerve that conduct impulse faster
myelinated nerve
how many angstrom thick did nerve mebrane has
70-80
responsible for the movement of the molecules that can be channels, carriers or pump
transport proteins
binding of proteins
receptor sites
carry messages from one part of the body to another in the form of electrical action potential
peripheral nerve
what are the factors, why Na+ stays outside and K+ stays inside
different charges or slightly permeable to the nerve membrane
when Na+ is inside, it called what?
depolarization
what is the charge of inside the nerve membrane when the threshold drop to 50-60 mv
Positive
how many mV threshold to initiate the impulse
15 mV
when the firing threshold is achieved, what happen to Na+
the permeability increases and enters the axoplasm
at the end of depolarization, what is the charges of inside and outside of the nerve membrane
inside +
oustide -
caused by inactivation of increase permeability to Na+ and efflux of K+
repolarization
how many millisecond that the entire process takes place
1 msec
how many msec did the depolarization takes place
0.3 msec
how many msec in repolarization
0.7 msec
slow forward- creeping process
unmyelinated nerve
much faster and more energy efficient
myelinated nerve
means of current leap from node to node
saltatory conduction
unpleasant, initiated by noxious stimulus that transmitted over a speacialized neural network to the CNS
pain
physio anatomical process remarkably similar in all healthy individuals
painn perception
psychophysiological process that varies in one individual and from day to day.
pain reaction
pain reaction threshold is ______ pain reaction
inversely proportional
an individual with high pain threshold
hyporeactive
an individual with lown pain threshold
hyperreactive
what are the 6 factors that varies the pain threshold
emotional status
fatigue
age
racial and nationality characteristics
sex
fear and apprehension
what time for the pediatric patients do an oral surgery
morning
pain originates wholly in the mind/ phantom pain
psychogenic pain
some distance from the site of injury
referred pain
sharp, burning and intense
neurogenic pain
reffered to difficult to localized
vascular pain
most likely dull and the movement of some part is discomfort
muscle pain
5 methods of pain control
removing the cause
blocking the pathway of painful impulses
raising the pain threshold
preventing pain reaction by cortical depression
using psychosomatic methods
a method of pain control used in dentistry
blocking the pathway of painful impulses
what drug used to raise the pain threshold
NSAIDS
how the cortical depression works to prevent pain reaction
use GA and increase the depression of the CNS
non pharmacological method
psychosomatic methods
6 methods to induced local anesthesia
Mechanical trauma
Low temperature
Anoxia
Chemical irritants
Chemical agents
Neurolytic agents
It permanently numb the nerve and for sharp and numbing patients
Neurolytic agent
What is the cause of partial or total absence of the sensation
Pathologic disruption of nerve transmission
