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ANES > NEUROPHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

reversible state of insensibility to pain with loss of consciousness

A

general anesthesia

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

local anesthetic is a set up roadblock between source of the impulse and the brain

A

TRUE

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

LA can interpret the aborted impulse as pain

A

FALSE
aborted impulse won’t be interpreted as pain

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4
Q

confined to specific limited part of the body without loss of consciousness

A

local anesthesia

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5
Q

It is toxic to nerve that treat the patient with sharp and numb and more permanently

A

neurolytic agent

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6
Q

2 methods of LA that have more clinical practice

A

neurolytic and chemical agents (LA)

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7
Q

a structural unit that transmit messages between the CNS and all parts of the body

A

neuron

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8
Q

from peripheral organs to central nervous system

A

Sensory or afferent

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9
Q

from cns to peripheral organs

A

Motor or efferent

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10
Q

what are the 3 zones of sensory neuron that capable of transmitting the pain

A

dendritic zone
axon
cell body

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11
Q

a free nerve endings that respond to stimulation produced in the transmitted centrally along the axon

A

dendritic zone

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12
Q

a thin cable like structures that distributes sensory impulse and forms interpretation

A

axon

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13
Q

provides a metabolic support of entire neuron

A

cell body

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14
Q

motor neuron has 2 zones, which of those zones that can receives impuls and transmit it to the cell.

A

cell body

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15
Q

nerve membrane of the axon

A

axolemma

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16
Q

it is where the sensory nerve excitability and conduction

A

changes within nerve membrane

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17
Q

what kind of axon nerve that conduct impulse faster

A

myelinated nerve

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18
Q

how many angstrom thick did nerve mebrane has

A

70-80

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19
Q

responsible for the movement of the molecules that can be channels, carriers or pump

A

transport proteins

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20
Q

binding of proteins

A

receptor sites

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21
Q

carry messages from one part of the body to another in the form of electrical action potential

A

peripheral nerve

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22
Q

what are the factors, why Na+ stays outside and K+ stays inside

A

different charges or slightly permeable to the nerve membrane

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23
Q

when Na+ is inside, it called what?

A

depolarization

24
Q

what is the charge of inside the nerve membrane when the threshold drop to 50-60 mv

A

Positive

25
Q

how many mV threshold to initiate the impulse

A

15 mV

26
Q

when the firing threshold is achieved, what happen to Na+

A

the permeability increases and enters the axoplasm

27
Q

at the end of depolarization, what is the charges of inside and outside of the nerve membrane

A

inside +
oustide -

28
Q

caused by inactivation of increase permeability to Na+ and efflux of K+

A

repolarization

29
Q

how many millisecond that the entire process takes place

A

1 msec

30
Q

how many msec did the depolarization takes place

A

0.3 msec

31
Q

how many msec in repolarization

A

0.7 msec

32
Q

slow forward- creeping process

A

unmyelinated nerve

33
Q

much faster and more energy efficient

A

myelinated nerve

34
Q

means of current leap from node to node

A

saltatory conduction

35
Q

unpleasant, initiated by noxious stimulus that transmitted over a speacialized neural network to the CNS

A

pain

36
Q

physio anatomical process remarkably similar in all healthy individuals

A

painn perception

37
Q

psychophysiological process that varies in one individual and from day to day.

A

pain reaction

38
Q

pain reaction threshold is ______ pain reaction

A

inversely proportional

39
Q

an individual with high pain threshold

A

hyporeactive

40
Q

an individual with lown pain threshold

A

hyperreactive

41
Q

what are the 6 factors that varies the pain threshold

A

emotional status
fatigue
age
racial and nationality characteristics
sex
fear and apprehension

42
Q

what time for the pediatric patients do an oral surgery

A

morning

43
Q

pain originates wholly in the mind/ phantom pain

A

psychogenic pain

44
Q

some distance from the site of injury

A

referred pain

45
Q

sharp, burning and intense

A

neurogenic pain

46
Q

reffered to difficult to localized

A

vascular pain

47
Q

most likely dull and the movement of some part is discomfort

A

muscle pain

48
Q

5 methods of pain control

A

removing the cause
blocking the pathway of painful impulses
raising the pain threshold
preventing pain reaction by cortical depression
using psychosomatic methods

49
Q

a method of pain control used in dentistry

A

blocking the pathway of painful impulses

50
Q

what drug used to raise the pain threshold

A

NSAIDS

51
Q

how the cortical depression works to prevent pain reaction

A

use GA and increase the depression of the CNS

52
Q

non pharmacological method

A

psychosomatic methods

53
Q

6 methods to induced local anesthesia

A

Mechanical trauma
Low temperature
Anoxia
Chemical irritants
Chemical agents
Neurolytic agents

54
Q

It permanently numb the nerve and for sharp and numbing patients

A

Neurolytic agent

55
Q

What is the cause of partial or total absence of the sensation

A

Pathologic disruption of nerve transmission

ANES (7 decks)

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