Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANES > LA > Flashcards

LA Flashcards

1
Q

_______ to the tissues and produce no secondary local reaction

A

non-irritating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

LA have a ______ of _______, ________ and be of ______ duration

A

LOW DEGREE of SYSTEMIC TOXICITY, RAPID ONSET and be of SUFFICIENT duration .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

have a _____ _____ properties to be effective as a topical anesthesia

A

sufficient penetrating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

LA must be ____ in solution and under go biotransformation readily within the body

A

stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
LA is capable of being sterilized by heat with deterioration

A

FALSE, without deterioration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is PABA means

A

para-aminobenzoicacid esters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the benzioc esters

A

cocaine and benzocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

an ester group that is used in dentistry as topical anesthesia

A

benzocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A PABA group which in spray form and use when the patient need to undergo in general anesthesia

A

tetracaine (pontocaine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ESTER OR AMIDE and its brand name

procaine

A

ester, novocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ESTER OR AMIDE and its brand name

2-chloroprocaine

A

ester, nesacaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ESTER OR AMIDE and its brand name

propoxycaine

A

ester, ravocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ESTER OR AMIDE and its brand name

tetracaine

A

ester, pontocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ESTER OR AMIDE and its brand name

articaine

A

amide, primacaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ESTER OR AMIDE, and its brand name

prilocaine

A

amide, citanest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ESTER OR AMIDE and its brand name

mepivacaine

A

amide, carbocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ESTER OR AMIDE and its brand name’

lidocaine

A

amide, xylocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ESTER OR AMIDE and its brand name

etidocaine

A

amide, duranest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ESTER OR AMIDE and its brand name

bupivacaine

A

amide, marcaine or sensorcaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

an ester group used in eye surgery

A

cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

an amide group that is known for paresthesia

A

articaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what year did cocaine made

A

1884

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what year did procaine made

A

1905

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

year of lidocaine made

A

1948

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

year of mepivacaine made

A

1956

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

year of prilocaine made

A

1960

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

year of bupivacaine made

A

1963

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

year of etidocaine made

A

1971

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

year of articaine made

A

1975

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

compare lidocaine and procaine

A

lidocaine has more than procaine

rapid onset of action
more profound anesthesia
longer durationand greater potency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

charateristics of pure LA

A

weekly basic
poorly soluble in water
unstable when exposed to air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what acid addd to pure LA to be stable, acidic and soluble

A

hydrochloric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

pH level of LA w/o epinephrine

A

5.5 or 6.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

pH level of LA w/ epi

A

3.3-4.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what characteristics of LA with epi when deposit

A

burning sensation on injection
slightly slower onset of action
and mor post injection soreness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

it is added to LA to make injection more comfortable

A

sodium bicarbonate or CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

low concentration of H+ ( high pH)

A

free base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

high concentration of H+ (low pH)

A

cation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what are the 2 factors involve in the nerve membrane

A

diffusion through nerve sheath (free base) and binding of the receptor sites (cation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

pH level of normal tissue

A

7.4 pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

pH level of inflamed tissue

A

5-6 pH

42
Q

how many % did cation have if the tissue is inflamed

A

99%

43
Q

why LA is not effective when the tissue is inflamed

A

because the pH level, it is acidic

44
Q

LA is effectively stops the nerve impulse propagation

A

minimal blocking concentration

45
Q

how many successive nodes of ranvier o blocked the nerve conduction to be stop

A

3

46
Q

proportional to the diameter of the nerve and spans 3 nodes that must be blocked by LA

A

critical blocking length

47
Q

it is longer in thicker muscle fibers and less smaller in pain fibers

A

internodal distance

48
Q

a single nerve cell

A

nerve fiber

49
Q

covers each nerve fiber

A

endoneurium

50
Q

bundle of 100-500 nerve fibers

A

fasciculi

51
Q

it covers the fasciculi

A

perineurium

52
Q

innermost layer of perineurium

A

perilemma

53
Q

it supports fasciculi and carrying nutrient vessels

A

epineurium

54
Q

outer layer of epineurium

A

epineural sheath

55
Q

what fiber anesthesize first and it covers the?

A

mantle fiber and it covers the proximal structures

56
Q

what fiber anesthesize next and it covers the?

A

Core fiber and it covers the distal structures

57
Q

in diffusion, greater the initial concentration of LA, the __________ and the _______

A

faster the diffusion of molecules and more rapid the onset of action

58
Q

in blocking process, what are the factors that decrease the LA concentration outside the nerve

A

some of the drug is absorbed by non neural tissues
some is diluted by interstitial fluid
some is removed by capillaries and lympatics from injection site
some ester types are hydrolyzed

59
Q

measure from time of deposition to profound anesthesia or to complete the conduction blockage

A

induction time or onset

60
Q

factors of induction time

A

concentration of the drug
pH of local anesthetic solution
rate of diffusion
anatomical barries of the nerve

61
Q

what are the factors affecting the LA action

A

pka
lipid solubility
protein binding
non nervous tissue diffusibility
vasodilator activity

62
Q

what is the action affected of pka and its description

A

onset, low pka has more rapid onset

63
Q

what action affected on lipid solubility and its descrip

A

potency, higher the lipid solubility, more potency

64
Q

what action affected in protein binding and its descrip

A

Duration, higher the protein binding, longer the time of duration

65
Q

action affected in vasodilator activity and its descrip

A

potency and duration, the higher the vasodilator property, higher the bloodflow and it decreases the potency and duration

66
Q

what LA is not use that has high pka and longer time of onset

A

procaine

67
Q

what LA has highest lipid solubility

A

Etidocaine

68
Q

what LA has higher protein binding

A

bupivacaine

69
Q

signs of recovery from anesthesia

A

follow the diffusion pattern, reversed order
concentration gradient is reversed
mantle fiber lose LA first than core fibers

70
Q

what is the meaning of intraneural concentration exceeding the extraneural concentration?

A

anesthetic molecules diffuse out of the nerve

71
Q

effects of plain LA

A

more blood flow
more absorption of LA in blood circulation
high chance of toxicity
shorter the duration of action
more bleeding

72
Q

what are the effects of LA with vc

A

decreased the blood flow
decreased the absorption of LA
decreased the chance of toxicity
longer duration of action
less bleeding

73
Q

causes of vasodilator

A

increased rate of absorption into the blood
decreased the duration of pain control
increased the ansthetic blood level and potential for over dose

74
Q

it prevents the oxidation of the vasopessor by oxygen that can cause allergy and asthma attacks

A

sodium bisulfite

75
Q

in derma that topical anesthesia used on intact skin

A

EMLA or eutectic mixture of LA

76
Q

seen on the vial and possess bacteriostatic, fungistatic and antioxidant properties

A

methylparaben

77
Q

what LA used on hypothyrodism patient

A

plain LA

78
Q

least vasodilate type of LA

A

mepivacaine

79
Q

what nerve has high risk of paresthesia

A

inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve

80
Q

contraindication in the prilocaine

A

methemoglobinemia and anemia

81
Q

to prolong the shelf life in a vial

A

methylparaben

82
Q

What is the alternative LA if the patient is allergic to sodium bisulfate

A

plain LA
2% lidocaine in vial
3% mepivacaine and 4% prilocaine in dental cartridge

83
Q

in the concentration of VC there is effect of its duration?

A

none, all concentration has longer duration

84
Q

in the concentration of the vc, there is an effect in the bleeding?

A

yes, more concentrated less bleeding

85
Q

why articaine is not used in blocking technique?

A

increased risk of nerve paresthesia in inferior alveolar and lingual nerve block that suggest a possible greater neurotoxicity

86
Q

what can happen if the balance between the rate of absorption into the bloodstream and the rate of removal from the blood is not balance to metabolized?

A

possible of toxicity

87
Q

ester is metabolized and excrete in?

A

metabolized in plasma and excrete in kidney

88
Q

what are the contraindication of ester

A

plasma cholinesterase deficiency
renal impairment

89
Q

how the amide metabolized and excrete?

A

metabolized in the liver and excrete in the kidney

90
Q

what are the contraindication of amides

A

liver dysfunction
renal impairment

91
Q

how to manage the patient if it is contraindicated and has allergic reaction but has no alternative?

A

the LA can be administered but in less dosage

92
Q

the dosage of the LA is varies and depends the effectivity on what?

A

vascularity of the tissues
individual tolerance
techniques of anesthesia

93
Q

according to american heart association the vasoconstrictor in LA is not contraindicated as long as?

A

preliminary aspiration is practiced
the agent is injected slowly
smallest effective dose is administered

94
Q

why is bupivacaine is not used in pediatric patient?

A

greater risk of paresthesia
prolonged duration of action
potential self mutilation

95
Q

what are the 5 selections of LA nd VC ?

A

duration of the procedure
need for post operative pain control’
physical condition of the patient
desire to produce hemostasis
whethe there is any contraindication exist

96
Q

weighing the risk of using it to its potential benefit and if an acceptable alternative is not available

A

relative contraindication

97
Q

under no circumstance should the drug be administered to the patient

A

absolute contraindication

98
Q

how the duration of plain prilocaine is used?

A

when the technique is by infiltration , the duration is short
when the technique is by nerve block, the duration is intermediate

99
Q

General order of loss of nerve function

A

Pain
Temperature
Touch and pressure
Propioception
Skeleton muscle tone

100
Q

Clinical advantage of articaine

A

Duration of its anesthetic effect
Superior diffusion in bony tissue

ANES (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions