FINALS Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
Healthy non smoking
A
ASA I
2
Q
Current smoker, pregnant and obesity
A
ASA II
3
Q
Severe systemic disease, active hepatitis and implanted pacemaker
A
ASA III
4
Q
constant threat to life, ongoing cardiac ischemia or severe valve dysfunction
A
ASA IV
5
Q
not expected to survive without operation, multiple organ failure
A
ASA V
6
Q
brain dead
A
ASA V
7
Q
consequence of stable angina
A
chest discomfort and arrythmia
8
Q
con of heart failure
A
pulmonary edema
9
Q
asthma
A
acute respiratory distress
10
Q
con of epilepsy
A
seizure
11
Q
determine the patient’s ability to physically tolerate the stresses
A
physical evaluation or psychological
12
Q
types of sphygmomanometer
A
mercury
aneroid
automatic BP monitors
13
Q
Temperature that has infection
A
38-38.8 degrees
14
Q
pulse rate that has infection
A
100 bpm- mild
>100- severe
15
Q
repisratory rate that has infection
A
18-20 bpm and has airway obstruction
16
Q
normal pulse rate
A
60-80 bpm
17
Q
normal respiratory rate
A
14-16 cpm
18
Q
techniques in psychosedation during therapy
A
nondrug techniques
pharmacosedation
GA
19
Q
short duration LA
A
mepivaccaine
20
Q
intermediate duration
A
lidocaine and articaine
21
Q
long duration
A
bupivaccaine with epinephrine
22
Q
complications that are easier to prevent
A
local complications
23
Q
more complicated to manage
A
systemic complications
24
Q
form of neurogenic shock
A
syncope
25
management of fainting
discontinue any procedure
26
extremely rare complication because of small gauge
needle breakage
27
weakest point of the needle
hub
28
careless injection, dull needle and rapid depostion
pain on injection
29
pH of solution, rapid injection and contaminated LA
burning on injection
30
prolonged numbness because of direct contact with the nerve and hemorrhage around neural sheath
parasthesia
31
how many weeks or year for the LA resolution during parathesia
8 weeks, 2 months or 1 year
32
spasm of the masticatory muscle
trismus
33
what is the cure for trismus
analgesic, diazepam 10 mg in 12 hrs
34
common technique where hematoma occurs
PSAN block
35
extremely rare occurence using contaminated needle
infection
36
swelling of the tissue can caused by angioedema
edema
37
epithelial desquamation because of the application of topical anesthetic
sloughing of the tissue
38
caused by the use of the long acting local anesthetic in patients undergoing shorter procedures
trauma to lips and tongue
39
management to trauma to lips
analgesic for pain and antibiotic when infected
40
for the sensory nerve
parasthesia
41
for the motor nerve
paralysis
42
this nerve is affected when doing IAN block and injected too posteriorly
facial nerve analysis
43
drug produces elevated levels of the agent in the blood
toxicity
44
it undergoes hydrolysis
ester
45
metabolized by enzyme cholinesterase
plasma
46
if the px has liver disease you can administered?
small dose of ester because there is no alternative
47
3 sympotms of toxicity
excitation
drowsiness
myocradial depression
48
sign of epinephrine overdose
elevated BP
elevated heart rate
possible cardiac arrythmias
49
hypersensitive state and it is not dose related
allergy
50
management for allergy
administer diphenhydramine hydrochloride
51
dermatologic reaction in allergy
urticaria and angioedema
52
place the patient semi erect, give oxygen and administer 0.3 ml of epinephrine
bronchial asthma
53
the px is positioned supine and possible of cricothyrotomy
laryngeal edema
54
drug reaction that cannot be explain
idiosyncrasy
55
test if any intravascular was hit
aspiration
56
most common dental syringe in dentistry
breech loading,metallic, catridge, aspirating
57
aka intraligamentary injection or PDL injection
pressure syringe
58
needle less injection and calibrated to deliver 0.05 to 0-.2 ml solution
jet injector
59
prevents oxidation of the vasipressor by oxygen
sodium bisulfate
60
makes the solution isotonic
sodium chloride
61
possesses bateriostatic, fungiastic and antioxidanr properties
methylparaben
62
transmits the sensation of pain
sensory neuron
63
respond to simulation
dendritic zone
64
distribute the sensory impulses form interpretation
axon
65
provides metabolic support
cell body
66
impulses are in the form of electrical action potential
peripheral nerves
67
slow forward creeping process
unmyelinated nerve
68
means of current leaps from node to node
myelinated nerve
69
physio anatomical process of pain
pain perception
70
psychophysiological process of pain
pain reaction
71
hyporeactive
high pain threshold
72
hyperractive
low pain threshold
73
unpleasant sensation
psychogenic pain
74
some distance from the site of the injury
referred pain
75
sharp, burning and instense
neurogenic pain
76
difuse and difficult to localized
vascular pain
77
movement of the part intensifies the discomfort
muscle pain
78
speed the onset of its action
sodium bicarbonate or CO2
79
pH of LA w/o epi
6.5
80
effectively stops nerve impulses propagation
minimal blocking concentration
81
3 succesive nodes or ranvier must be blocked
myelinated nerves
82
diamter oft he nerve and span 3 nodes that must be blocked by LA
critical blocking length
83
covers each nerve fiber
endoneurium
84
covers the fasciculi
perineuruim
85
carrying nutrient vessels
epineurium
86
outer layer of epineurium
epineural sheath
87
anesthesize the proximal structures
mantle fibers
88
anesthesize the distal structures
core fibers
89
what fibers lose LA earlier
mantle fiber
90
it is seen in LA with vasoconstrictor
sodium bisulfite
91
seen in vial
methyl paraben
92
what LA use if the px is allergic both to sodium bisulfite and methyl paraben
3% mepivaccaine and 2% prilocaine
93
what nerve block increased risk of nerve parasthesia
IAN and lingual nerve block
94
what LA is not used for children because of prolonged duration of action
bupivaccaine
95
careful weighing the risk of using it to its potential benefit
relative contraindication
96
no circumstances should the druig be administered to the patient
absolute contraindication
97
all upper molars except MB root is 1st molar
posterior superior alveolar nerve block
PSAN
98
from MB root of first molar to 2ND PM
middle superior alveolar nerve block
MSAN
99
anterior teeth and supporting structures bucally
anterior superior nerve block
ASAN
100
branches of dental plexus of maxilla
PSAN, MSAN , ASAN
101
supply the lower eyelid
Inferior palpebral nerve
102
supply the lateral of the nose
nasal nerve
103
supply the upper lip and its purely sensory
superior labial nerve
104
does not have pulpal innervation from canine to canine and exits the incisive foramen
nasoplatine nerve
105
mucosa and gingiva and bony structures, distal to canine up to posterior part of the hard palata
greater palatine nerve or anterior palatine nerve
106
pulp and root of the root up to buccal mucosa (lips)
insertion in height of mucobuccal fold
0.5-10.5 ml
supraperiostial injection or local infiltration
107
maxillary incisors to MB root of 1st molar
1ml of the solution
infraorbital nerve block
108
maxillary PM to MB root of first molar
height of mucobuccal fold of the 2nd PM
0.9-1.2ml
MSAN middle superior nerve block
109
all maxillary molars except the MB root of 1st molar
height of the mucobuccal fold of maxillary 2nd M
0.9-1.8ml
posterior superior nerve block
PSAN
110
complications of the PSAN
hematoma and mandibular anesthesia
111
approach the incisive papilla and has blotching
0.2-0.3ml
nasopalatine nerve block
112
greater palatine foramen opposite the 2nd M
0.45ml- 0.6ml
greater palatine nerve block
113
complications in greater palatine nerve block
ischemia of the soft palate
anesthesia of the soft palate
114
reported by friedman and hochman
provides pulpal anesthesia from maxillary incisors to premolars from single injection on the PALATAL area
1.4-1.8ml
contact point between first and 2nd PM
anterior middle superior alveolar nerve block
AMSAN
115
penetrates more deeply
1.4-1.8ml
anterior uperior alveolar nerve block-palatal
116
most frustrating, can anesthesize the IAN, mental,incisive and lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve block
117
landmark of IANB
coronoid notch, 6-10mm above the occlusal plane
118
didn't change the position then deposit 1.5ml while contact the bone then another 0.1-0.2 ml for the lingual nerve
direct contact
119
deposit 1.5ml of solution while contact in bone, withdraw then swing it on the other side
indirect technique
120
very shallow technique, it will contact the bone
long buccal nerve block
121
large foramen the bifurcates
type1 bifid IAN
122
bifurcates then fused again
type 2 bifid IAN
123
most difficult and has two mandibular foramen
type 4 bifid IAN
124
purely soft tissue, no pulpal and lips only
0.6 of solution
mental nerve block
125
pulpal anesthesia to the premolars,canine and incisors. it needs to massage to anesthesize the incisive nerve
incisive nerve block
126
insert the needle in the sulcus of the tooth
intraligamentary injection
127
pulpal exposure only
intrapulpal
128
infiltrate the bone through and through
intraosseous injection
129
causative microorganism of infective endocarditis
streptococcal,staphylococcal and candidal endocarditis
130
common cause of IE in normal oral flora
viridans streptococci
131
not normal oral flora associated with IV abuse
staphylococcus
132
drug of choice in IE
penincillin
133
no infection but the patient is prone to infection
prophylactic
134
antibiotic given because there is an existing infection
therapeutic
135
in 1990, it is the alternatice that has GI upset effect
erythromycin
136
alternative to penincilliin allergy in 1997
clindamycin
137
it is not recommended for patients with history of anaphylaxis, angioedema or uticaria
cephalosphorins
138
140 or less/ 90 or greater, uncommon
isolated diastolic HPN
139
140 or higher/ 90 or less, risk factor for CVD
isolated systolic HPN
140
BP is more or equal to 180/110
uncontrolled HPN (ASA III)
141
avoid using erythromycin and clarithromycin
controlled HPN
142
precordial pain radiating to the left arm, neck and jaw
angina pectoris
