Neurophysiology

Question 1

the hippocampus consists of two sheets of neurons folded onto each other called…

Answer 1

• dentate
• ammon’s horn

Question 2

describe the perforant path (3 steps)

Answer 2

1. entorhinal cortex to dentate gyrus synapses
2. dentate gyrus to CA3 synapses
3. CA3 to CA1 synapses

Question 3

CA3 is described as

Answer 3

mossy fiber

Question 4

CA1 is also called

Answer 4

schaffer collateral

Question 5

non-associative learning is

Answer 5

a change in behavior due to experience

Question 6

associative learning is

Answer 6

linkage of unrelated stimuli to elicit a behavioral response

Question 7

Long-Term Potentiation is

Answer 7

a stimulus at the synapes that drive a change in amplitude of EPSPs that can last for a variable amount of time

Question 8

what plays a role in associative learning

Answer 8

LTP

Question 9

what is tetanus

Answer 9

high frequency stimulation

Question 10

in rodents when they use a tetanus to the hippocampus what happens

Answer 10

response of postsynaptic neurons had larger EPSPs/LTPs

Question 11

tetanus will induce a _____ and subsequently evoke ______.

Answer 11

LTP, EPSP

Question 12

what is the name of the property where other inputs onto the same neuron that did not receive this tetanus will not generate LTP

Answer 12

input specificity

Question 13

T/F: Synapses must be active at the same time the postsynaptic CA1 neuron is sufficiently depolarized.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

cooperativity in the hippocampus suggests that

Answer 14

no SINGLE input is sufficient to evoke an action potential in the post synaptic neuron

Question 15

spatial summation can provide enough to drive the firing of the postsynaptic neuron causing…

Answer 15

LTP

Question 16

LTP has linked an __________ of inputs 1 and 2.

Answer 16

association

Question 17

in specificity, a firing neuron does what to the pathways

Answer 17

strengthens one, other is inactive

Question 18

in associativity, a firing neuron does what to the pathwyas

Answer 18

pathway 1 has strong stimulation, pathway 2 has weak stimulation but both are strengthened

Question 19

what is this an example of:
when you see a dog go you think it will meow like a cat?

Answer 19

cooperativity

Question 20

describe hebbs theory

Answer 20

cells that fire together wire together/ use it or lose it

Question 21

the theoretical basis for hebbs theory is

Answer 21

associative learning

Question 22

AMPA and NMDA receptors are what kind of receptors

Answer 22

iontropic

Question 23

AMPA is a _______-gated receptor that needs _________ and is not a _________ detector.

Answer 23

ligand, glutamate, coincidence

Question 24

NMDA is a _________-gated receptor that needs ___________ and is a __________ detector.

Answer 24

ligand and voltage, glutamate and something else, coincidence

Question 25

to be activated, NMDA receptor must:

Answer 25

1. bind glutamate
2. be on a depolarized membrane

Question 26

at resting potential, a _____ ion sits in the NDMA receptor channel and blocks ion flow

Answer 26

Mg2+

Question 27

Mg2+ ion is driven out of the channel by

Answer 27

depolarization of the membrane

Question 28

what ions are flowing in/out NMDA receptors

Answer 28

Na+, K+, CA2+

Question 29

what prevents LTP during tetanus

Answer 29

NMDA atagonists

Question 30

what is a coincidence detector

Answer 30

only opens to induce LTP when glutamate is bound and the postsynaptic cell is depolarized to relieve the block channel pore from Mg2+