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Physiology Exam 4 > Neurophysiology 1 : Organization And Receptors (Lecture 75) > Flashcards

Neurophysiology 1 : Organization And Receptors (Lecture 75) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Receive sensory information
Integrate and process information
Decide if a motor output will occur (Not all sensory stimuli require a motor output)

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2
Q

What is the definition of a sensory receptor?

A

Specialized to detect a particular stimulus modality

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3
Q

What do specialized sensory cells synapse with?

A

Primary afferent neurons

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4
Q

Afferent neuroses have ______ nerve endings. They also have _____ nerve endings.

A

Free
Modified

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5
Q

Describe the modified nerve endings that afferent neurons have?

A

Combined with other accessory tissues that enhance response to a certain type of stimulus

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6
Q

ALL receptors are able to perform _________.

A

Transduction

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7
Q

All receptors have _______ _______ ________ that open based upon specific types of stimulus/

A

Modality gated channels

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8
Q

Receptors convert the ________ into ______ ______.

A

Stimulus into action potentials

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9
Q

What is stimulus intensity of a receptor encoded by?

A

Rate and frequency of Action Potential

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10
Q

What are the physical characteristics of receptors?

A

Encapsulated or free nerve endings

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11
Q

What are stimulus durations encoded by?

A

Receptor adaptation

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12
Q

Tonic receptors do not rapidly ________. What is an example?

A

Adapt

Proprioceptors

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13
Q

Adaption of receptors =

A

Decreased sensitivity to continuous stimuli

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14
Q

Phasic receptors adapt _________. What are examples?

A

Rapidly

Pacing an and Meissner’s corpuscles

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15
Q

Stimulus type encoded by ______

A

Modality

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16
Q

What is the response to specific type of stimulus based on?

A

“Labeled line” code

17
Q

What are some classifications of receptors by modality? (7)

A

Thermoreceptors (temperature)
Mechanoreceptors (movement of cell membrane)
Photoreceptors (light)
Chemoreceptors (chemical)
Barorecptors (hydrostatic pressure/stretch)
Proprioceptors (body position)
Nociceptors (noxious stimuli)

18
Q

What does the golgi tendon organ detect?

A

Muscle contraction

19
Q

What does the muscle spindle detect?

A

Muscle stretch

20
Q

What are Proprioceptors?

A

Cutaneous mechanoreceptors

21
Q

What are examples of joint capsule mechanoreceptors?

A

Pacinian and Ruffin

22
Q

What are examples of muscle and tendon mechanoreceptors?

A

Golgi tendon organ and muscle spindles

23
Q

Where do somatosensory signals originate? What do they detect?

A

Originate: peripheral sensory receptors
Detect: changes in environmental stimuli

24
Q

Where do viscerosensory signals originate from? What do they detect?

A

Originate: viscera
Detect: changes in internal stimuli

Organ dispensation, ischemia, intestinal pain (conscious)
Autonomic Nervous System inputs and reflexes

25
Q

Where do special sense signals (vision, hearing, taste, olfaction) originate from?

A

Originate: special sensory organs localized to the head

26
Q

What is touch/pressure/vibration sensed by? Characteristics?

A

Sensed by Mechanoreceptors

Adaptable, encapsulated/unencapsulated

27
Q

What are meissner’s corpuscles responsible for?

A

Transmitting sensation of light touch, pressure and texture

28
Q

What are pacinian corpsucles responsible for?

A

Transmitting sensation of deep pressure, tickle, and vibration

29
Q

What are Merkel’s disks responsible for?

A

Transmitting sensation of touch

30
Q

What are Ruffini’s corpuscle responsible for?

A

Stretch

31
Q

What is temperature sensed by?

A

Receptor potential channels (TRP) on free nerve endings

32
Q

What is a target for pain relieving medicine?

A

TRP family

33
Q

Characteristics of nociceptors?

A

Free nerve endings
TRP family
Lightly myelinated (A-delta) or unmyelinated (C fibers)
Not adaptable

34
Q

What are nocicpetors?

A

Sensitive to multiple extreme or potentially damaging stimuli

35
Q

What are chemical nociceptors sensitive to?

A

Intracellular contents, inflammatory mediators

Physiology Exam 4 (8 decks)

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