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Neurology > Neurophysio > Flashcards

Neurophysio Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of Axonal transport

A

Orthograde and Retrograde

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2
Q

Cilliary dysfucntion

Dynein

A

Kartageners syndrome

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3
Q

Steady state of K in resting membrane potential

A

-70mv

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4
Q

Sudden/sharp change of membrane potential

A

Spike potential

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5
Q

2 types of refractory periods

A

Absolute and Relative

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6
Q

“supranormal period”

normal fall after spike potential

A

After Depolarization

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7
Q

“subnormal”

A

After hypolarization

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8
Q

Constant amplitude and form

A

All or non law

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9
Q

Synaptic transmission happens where?

A

Junction or Hillock

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10
Q

2 types of synaptic transmission

A

electric - gal junction, fast, bi directional

chemical - neurotransmitted, slow, receptor binding

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11
Q

Facilitation happens where?

A

synaptic knob

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12
Q

Major Excitatory neurotransmiter of the brain?

A

Glutamate

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13
Q

glutamate is synthesis/metabolism

A

Krebs cycle

presynatpic/glial

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14
Q

3 Glutamic receptors

A

NMDA
AMPA
KA

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15
Q

Mg regulated receptor of glutamate

A

NMDA

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16
Q

NMDA receptor is inhibited by?

A

Zinc

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17
Q

Too much of this NT kills nerve cells

A

Glutamate

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18
Q

NMDA receptor antagonist

A

Ketamine

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19
Q

Only drug used in ALS

A

Riluzole

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20
Q

NT abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease

A

Increases glutamate

decreased Acth

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21
Q

receptor in Chick pea toxin(L BOA)

A

AMPA

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22
Q

enzyme required for conversion of GABA synthesis

A

glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD

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23
Q

Glutamic Acid decarboxylase requires -________ to function

A

pyridoxine/B6

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24
Q

GABA is ihibited by

A

tigabilin

vigabatin

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25
Q

Major inhibitory ionotrophic receptor

gives examples

A

GABA a
Benzodiazipines
Barbituates

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26
Q

GABA a is modulated by

A

Etoh(alcohol)

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27
Q

inhibitory spinal NT

A

Glycine

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28
Q

Toxin that blocks Na channels of the neuron

A

Tetradotoxin in pufferfish

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29
Q

toxin than Blocks K channels of the neuron

A

Tetraethyl ammonium in pufferfish

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30
Q

Toxin that blocks ACTH

A

botulinum

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31
Q

Toxin that blcks GABA and glycine

A

tetanospasmin

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32
Q

Red tide and algae algal booom

A

pfesteria

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33
Q

Only part of thenANS where Acth is not found

A

sympathetic post ganglionic

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34
Q

Acth is derived from _______ and _____

A

acetic acid and choline acetyl COA

35
Q

Enzyme required for Acth synthesis

A

Cholineacetyl transferase (ChAT)

36
Q

Acth is brokendown how and by what enzyme

A

Hydrolysis by Acetylcholinesterase

37
Q

Increased in Actch results in Para or Sympa effects?

A

paraympathetic

38
Q

What NT is decreased in Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Acth

39
Q

Treatment for MG?

A

AchE inhibitor

40
Q

Release of Acth is inhibited by?

A

Botulinum toxin

41
Q

what are the two Acth receptors?

A

Nicotinic

Muscarinic

42
Q

Muscular nicotinic receptor agonist and antagonist

A

Nicotine - agonist

Cyrare - antagonist

43
Q

Muscarinic receptors and their associated organs

A

M1 -post ganglion
M2 Cardia
M3 smooth muscles, glands

44
Q

Muscarinic Acth receptor antagonist

A

Atropine

45
Q

Organophosphate poisoning antidote

A

Atropine

46
Q

What is included in the Cholinergic system of the CNS?

A

Hippocampus(memory)

Basal nucleus od Maynart

47
Q

Disease assiciated with loss of the cholinergic system of the CNS

A

Alzheimer’s dse

48
Q

Give examples of amine chatecolamines

A

Dopamine

Epinephrine

49
Q

synthesis of the chatcolamines dopamine and epinephrine

A

Phenylalanine—->(phenylalanine hydroxilase)–>tyrosine—> (tyrosine kinase)—>dopamine—>(dopamine decarboxylase)—>dopamine—> norepinephrine—>epinephrine

50
Q

first line chatecholamine in the management of septic shock

A

Norepinephrine

51
Q

What drug increases the NE release?

A

Amphetamine

52
Q

What drugs inhibit the reuptake of epinphrine/norepinephrine resulting in incraed synaptic levels

A

cocaine! TCA

53
Q

maker in urine for pheocromocytoma

A

Vanilmandelic acid

54
Q

function of the NorAdrenergic system of the CNS?

A

regulates attention,arousal, slee/wake cycles

55
Q

Main CSN sources of noradrenergic system

A

caudal raphe
RAS
hypothalamus

56
Q

enzmye for dopamine synthesis

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

57
Q

dopamine receptors and functions

A

D1 excitatory, increase CAMP

D2 inhibitory

58
Q

dopamine receptor agonists and antsgonists

A

Agonist - Bromoceltine

Antagonist - Halloperidol

59
Q

Halloperidol side effect

A

parkinsonism

60
Q

prolactine is inhibited by?

A

dopamine

61
Q

explain Serotonin synthesis

A

tryptophan—(trypto hydroxylase)–t hydroxytryptophan—5 hydroxytryptophanine

62
Q

Serotonin is found in

A

GI chromaffin cells (90%)
platelets
brain

63
Q

Role of serotonine

A

mood
appetite
sleep
sex

5 f - feel, food, fuck

64
Q

Imbalance in serotonin levels causes

A

depression and anxiety

65
Q

Serotonin receptors

A

1A anxiety and depression

1D migraine one direction sakit ulo

66
Q

drug given for nausea and vomiting in chemo patients

A

Odansetron

67
Q

drug tha increases serotonin 5HT release

A

NMDA(extasy)

68
Q

Serotonin is further converted to _______ in the ______ body

and is a major NT for sleep.

A

melatonin in the pineal body

69
Q

Give examples of neuropeptides

A

enkephalines
beta endorphine
dymorphine

70
Q

Opioid receptor

A

MU
Kappa for pain
Delta

71
Q

MU Receptor location

A

dorsal horn
nucleus accumbens
periaqueductal grey mater

72
Q

MU receptor agonists

A

morphine
codeine
methadone

73
Q

MU rceptor antsgonist

A

Naloxone

74
Q

MU receptors and function

A

MU 1 analgesia

MU 2 respiratory depression and constipation

75
Q

Morphine toxicity sx

A

pinpoint pupils
decreased snesorium
decreased RR

76
Q

Pinpoint pupils associated diseases

A

Opioid toxicity

Pontine hemorrhage

77
Q

Nociceptor mediator

A

Delta receptor

78
Q

non adrenergic non cholinergic NT responsible for pain,mood, nausea

A

Substance P

79
Q

depletes type C fibers

responsible for trigeminal neuralgia

A

Capsaisin(substance P)

80
Q

Regulates feeding

incrase of thise substance cause increased feeding

A

Neuropeptide Y

81
Q

regulates sleep and feedin behavior

A

Orexin

82
Q

lesions in these areas cause hih wakefulness

A

Raphe nucleus

suprachiasmal area

83
Q

what substance increases if you are kept awake for days?

A

Muramyl peptide

Neurology (6 decks)

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