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Neurology > Neurophysio > Flashcards

Neurophysio Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of Axonal transport

A

Orthograde and Retrograde

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2
Q

Cilliary dysfucntion

Dynein

A

Kartageners syndrome

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3
Q

Steady state of K in resting membrane potential

A

-70mv

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4
Q

Sudden/sharp change of membrane potential

A

Spike potential

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5
Q

2 types of refractory periods

A

Absolute and Relative

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6
Q

“supranormal period”

normal fall after spike potential

A

After Depolarization

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7
Q

“subnormal”

A

After hypolarization

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8
Q

Constant amplitude and form

A

All or non law

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9
Q

Synaptic transmission happens where?

A

Junction or Hillock

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10
Q

2 types of synaptic transmission

A

electric - gal junction, fast, bi directional

chemical - neurotransmitted, slow, receptor binding

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11
Q

Facilitation happens where?

A

synaptic knob

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12
Q

Major Excitatory neurotransmiter of the brain?

A

Glutamate

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13
Q

glutamate is synthesis/metabolism

A

Krebs cycle

presynatpic/glial

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14
Q

3 Glutamic receptors

A

NMDA
AMPA
KA

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15
Q

Mg regulated receptor of glutamate

A

NMDA

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16
Q

NMDA receptor is inhibited by?

A

Zinc

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17
Q

Too much of this NT kills nerve cells

A

Glutamate

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18
Q

NMDA receptor antagonist

A

Ketamine

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19
Q

Only drug used in ALS

A

Riluzole

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20
Q

NT abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease

A

Increases glutamate

decreased Acth

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21
Q

receptor in Chick pea toxin(L BOA)

A

AMPA

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22
Q

enzyme required for conversion of GABA synthesis

A

glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD

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23
Q

Glutamic Acid decarboxylase requires -________ to function

A

pyridoxine/B6

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24
Q

GABA is ihibited by

A

tigabilin

vigabatin

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25
Major inhibitory ionotrophic receptor | gives examples
GABA a Benzodiazipines Barbituates
26
GABA a is modulated by
Etoh(alcohol)
27
inhibitory spinal NT
Glycine
28
Toxin that blocks Na channels of the neuron
Tetradotoxin in pufferfish
29
toxin than Blocks K channels of the neuron
Tetraethyl ammonium in pufferfish
30
Toxin that blocks ACTH
botulinum
31
Toxin that blcks GABA and glycine
tetanospasmin
32
Red tide and algae algal booom
pfesteria
33
Only part of thenANS where Acth is not found
sympathetic post ganglionic
34
Acth is derived from _______ and _____
acetic acid and choline acetyl COA
35
Enzyme required for Acth synthesis
Cholineacetyl transferase (ChAT)
36
Acth is brokendown how and by what enzyme
Hydrolysis by Acetylcholinesterase
37
Increased in Actch results in Para or Sympa effects?
paraympathetic
38
What NT is decreased in Myasthenia Gravis?
Acth
39
Treatment for MG?
AchE inhibitor
40
Release of Acth is inhibited by?
Botulinum toxin
41
what are the two Acth receptors?
Nicotinic | Muscarinic
42
Muscular nicotinic receptor agonist and antagonist
Nicotine - agonist | Cyrare - antagonist
43
Muscarinic receptors and their associated organs
M1 -post ganglion M2 Cardia M3 smooth muscles, glands
44
Muscarinic Acth receptor antagonist
Atropine
45
Organophosphate poisoning antidote
Atropine
46
What is included in the Cholinergic system of the CNS?
Hippocampus(memory) Basal nucleus od Maynart
47
Disease assiciated with loss of the cholinergic system of the CNS
Alzheimer's dse
48
Give examples of amine chatecolamines
Dopamine | Epinephrine
49
synthesis of the chatcolamines dopamine and epinephrine
Phenylalanine---->(phenylalanine hydroxilase)-->tyrosine---> (tyrosine kinase)--->dopamine--->(dopamine decarboxylase)--->dopamine---> norepinephrine--->epinephrine
50
first line chatecholamine in the management of septic shock
Norepinephrine
51
What drug increases the NE release?
Amphetamine
52
What drugs inhibit the reuptake of epinphrine/norepinephrine resulting in incraed synaptic levels
cocaine! TCA
53
maker in urine for pheocromocytoma
Vanilmandelic acid
54
function of the NorAdrenergic system of the CNS?
regulates attention,arousal, slee/wake cycles
55
Main CSN sources of noradrenergic system
caudal raphe RAS hypothalamus
56
enzmye for dopamine synthesis
tyrosine hydroxylase
57
dopamine receptors and functions
D1 excitatory, increase CAMP | D2 inhibitory
58
dopamine receptor agonists and antsgonists
Agonist - Bromoceltine | Antagonist - Halloperidol
59
Halloperidol side effect
parkinsonism
60
prolactine is inhibited by?
dopamine
61
explain Serotonin synthesis
tryptophan---(trypto hydroxylase)--t hydroxytryptophan---5 hydroxytryptophanine
62
Serotonin is found in
GI chromaffin cells (90%) platelets brain
63
Role of serotonine
mood appetite sleep sex 5 f - feel, food, fuck
64
Imbalance in serotonin levels causes
depression and anxiety
65
Serotonin receptors
1A anxiety and depression | 1D migraine one direction sakit ulo
66
drug given for nausea and vomiting in chemo patients
Odansetron
67
drug tha increases serotonin 5HT release
NMDA(extasy)
68
Serotonin is further converted to _______ in the ______ body | and is a major NT for sleep.
melatonin in the pineal body
69
Give examples of neuropeptides
enkephalines beta endorphine dymorphine
70
Opioid receptor
MU Kappa for pain Delta
71
MU Receptor location
dorsal horn nucleus accumbens periaqueductal grey mater
72
MU receptor agonists
morphine codeine methadone
73
MU rceptor antsgonist
Naloxone
74
MU receptors and function
MU 1 analgesia | MU 2 respiratory depression and constipation
75
Morphine toxicity sx
pinpoint pupils decreased snesorium decreased RR
76
Pinpoint pupils associated diseases
Opioid toxicity | Pontine hemorrhage
77
Nociceptor mediator
Delta receptor
78
non adrenergic non cholinergic NT responsible for pain,mood, nausea
Substance P
79
depletes type C fibers | responsible for trigeminal neuralgia
Capsaisin(substance P)
80
Regulates feeding | incrase of thise substance cause increased feeding
Neuropeptide Y
81
regulates sleep and feedin behavior
Orexin
82
lesions in these areas cause hih wakefulness
Raphe nucleus | suprachiasmal area
83
what substance increases if you are kept awake for days?
Muramyl peptide

Neurology (6 decks)

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