Neuropharm V

Question 1

What should I know about amphetamines actions, esp. in comparison?

Answer 1

Methamphetamine has more CNS effects than amphetamine

methylphenidate is a weaker cNS agent but has more effect on mental activity.

Question 2

MOA of amphetamines.

Answer 2

block reuptake of catechols and enhance release from terminals. can lead to depletion.

Question 3

What are adverse effects of amphetamines?

Answer 3

headache, dizziness, agitation, dysphoria, delirium, psychosis, palpitations, dependence, tolerance and addiction with severe withdrawal

Question 4

How can amphetamines be used therapeutically?

Answer 4

treat depression, dementia where abulia is prominent
treats ADHD (both methylphenidate and amphetamine)
may be good for narcolepsy
used to be used for diet/appetite suppression, but no more due to sides

Question 5

MOA of LSD?

Answer 5

agonist at 5HT receptors

Question 6

Whad does LSD do?

Answer 6

euphoriam illusions/hallucinations, synesthesia, labile mood. Also sympathetic activation. cross-tolerance may occur.

Question 7

What are adverse effects of LSD?

Answer 7

flashbacks, anic attacks, depression, paranoia, psychotic episodes

Question 8

What is PCP? Related compounds and former uses?

Answer 8

hallucinogen related to ketamine that was used as an anesthetic but caused too much delirium

Question 9

MOA of PCP

Answer 9

inhibits re-uptake of amines and 5HT; anticholinergic activity, NMDA blocker

Question 10

What are some negative side effects of PCP

Answer 10

intoxication, staggering gait, numbness, sweating, regidity, severe violent agitation not responsive to human interaction.
may cause stupor, coma, increase HR, BP, fever, delirium, convulsions (toxic doses)
chronic use: personality changes, anxiety, depression, psychosis

Question 11

What are the 5 targets of GABA use again?

Answer 11

synthesis, release, receptors, reuptake, metabolism

Question 12

What are GABA-A receptors?q

Answer 12

ligand gated chlorine channels.

Question 13

What is muscimol?

Answer 13

GABA channel agonist.

Question 14

What should I know about GABA subunits?

Answer 14

alpha and beta have GABA binding sites. also change affinity for GABA and alter BDZ specificity
gamma required for BDZ sensitivity

Question 15

What are examples of agonists to the BDZ receptor? Inverse agonists?

Answer 15

diazepam. augment GABA responses by increasing the affinity for GABA
inverse agonist is Beta carbolines: these reduce GABA responses and produce anxiety and convulsions.

Question 16

What are BDZ site antagonists?

Answer 16

no intrinsic activity at the receptor but they do block the action of agonists and inverse agonists. Ex: Flumanezil

Question 17

Example of drugs at the barbiturate site. MOA.

Answer 17

related to phenobarbital.

increase GABA response by increasing duration of channel opening. more sedative.