Neuropathology II Flashcards
What are the perikaryon changes/reactions?
eosinophilia, atrophy, chromatolysis, storage, inclusions, lipofusin, neuronophagia, cell loss
What are axonal reactions?
wallarian degeneration, dying back degeneration, demyelination, spongy degeneration of myelin, spheroids
What are the neuronal reactions seen in neutropil?
neuritic plaques, spheroids, status spongiosis
spheroids of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy
What are the two kinds of astrocytes?
protoplasmic of the gray matter and fibrous of the white matter and periventricular areas
What is astrocytosis?
hypertrophy of astrocytes. may be protoplasmic or metabolic
What is gliosis?
astrocytic proliferations
What may I see in astrocytes in the patients with hyperammonemia?
protoplasmic astrocyte responce of enlargement and nuclear lobulation
What are Alzheimer type II glia?
astrocytic nuclei with distinct lobulations and eosinophilic granules. bigger.
What inclusions occur in astrocytes?
corpora amylacea and Rosenthal fibers. corpora amylacea common in the aging brain (near pia, ependyma, perivascular areas). Rosenthal fiber eosinophilic, elongated irregular accuulations.
When do you see Rosenthal fibers?
Rosenthal fibers are the hallmark of low grade tumors, as seen in juvenile pilocytic, astrocytoma, and Alexander’s disease
What are the oligodendroglial reactions?
hyperplasia, cell loss, storage, inclusions, neoplasia. Focus on neoplasm and necrosis.
What is the regenerative capacity of oligos in comparison with other cells?
more than neurons, less than astrocytes or Swhann cells
What are the ependymal reactions? I
cell loss and neoplasia (thought normal cells have only limited regenerative capacity)
What are the microglial reactions?
hypertrophy, hyperplasia.
When do you see multinucleated giant cells?
HIV subacute encephalitis
