Neuropathology Flashcards
How can infections get into the brain?
Direct Spread (Otitis Media)
Blood (Septicaemia)
Iatrogenically (LP)
What can infections in the brain cause?
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Abcess
Chronic Meningitis
What are the Pathogens for different types of Encephalitis?
Spinal Cord - Polio
Temporal Lobe - Herpes
Brainstem - Rabies
What is Encephalitis?
Infection and inflammation of the neuronal cell bodies.
Can lead to cell death and formation of inclusion bodies
What is “chronic” meningitis?
Different Pathogen
Causes Granulomatous disease, fibrosis, nerve entrapment
How can you get an abcess in the brain?
Via inner ear infection –> Internal auditory meatus –> temporal lobe
What are some consequences of meningitis?
Systemic --> Sepsis Subdural Empyema Herniation due to raised ICP --> death Infarction Abcess Epilepsy
What is Prion Disease?
Accumilation of mutated prion proteins which damage cell bodies.
This creates holes in the grey matter.
How do you get Prion Disease?
Exposure to Prions themselves from food, sporadic mutation, or can be familial
What is a spongiform encephalopathy?
What do you get it in?
Prion Disease
What can Prion Disease Cause?
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease
What symptoms do you get with CJD?
Memory Lapses Mood Changes Hypertonia Loss of Interest Incontinence Clumsiness
What is Dementia?
An acquired global impairment of brain function, that does not cause a loss of consciousness
What is Lewy Body Dementia?
Caused by accumilation of misfolded proteins which aggregate and form Lewy Bodies.
Leads to loss of attention and alertness
What are the types of dementia?
Alzheimers
Lewy Body
Vascular Dementia
Picks Disease
What is Alzheimers?
Dementia caused by neuronal damage (forming Tangles and Plaques) and loss of neurotransmitters.
This leads to atrophy of brain tissue