Neurology Definitions

Question 1

Ataxia

Answer 1

Lack of voluntary control

Question 2

Atonia

Answer 2

Loss of muscle tone

Question 3

Hyper/Hypotonia

Answer 3

Increase or decrease in muscle tone

Question 4

Parathesia

Answer 4

Lack of sensation

Question 5

Paraplegia

Answer 5

Paralysis of the lower half of the body

Question 6

Quadriplegia

Answer 6

Paralysis of all four limbs

Question 7

Dysphagia

Answer 7

Loss of swallow

Question 8

Dysphonia

Answer 8

Inability to speak

Question 9

Dysmetria

Answer 9

Loss of balance

Question 10

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 10

Inability to make rapid, alternating movements

Question 11

Apraxia

Answer 11

Loss of co-ordination

Question 12

Aphasia

Answer 12

Loss of speech

Question 13

Areflexia/Hypo/Hyperreflexia

Answer 13

Loss of, increase or decrease in reflexes

Question 14

Agnosia

Answer 14

Loss of sensory recognition

Question 15

Bradykinesia

Answer 15

Slow movement

Question 16

Dysarthria

Answer 16

Difficulty Speaking

Question 17

Dyslexia

Answer 17

Difficulty reading

Question 18

Hemiplegia

Answer 18

Paralysis of one half of the body

Question 19

Palsy

Answer 19

Muscle Paralysis

Question 20

Paresis

Answer 20

Muscle Weakness

Question 21

Rigidity

Answer 21

Increase in muscle tone meaning movement is restricted

Question 22

Spasticity

Answer 22

Altered muscle performance die to paralysis

Question 23

Neural Networks

Answer 23

A series of neurons which come together to create a linear pathway

Question 24

Emergence

Answer 24

When neurones all work together to create a larger function e.g. consciousness

Question 25

Hydrocephalus

Answer 25

The accumilation of CSF in the ventricles

Question 26

Aneurysm

Answer 26

Abnormal dilatation of an artery

Question 27

Stroke

Answer 27

An abrupt loss of brain function that lasts for more than 24 hours

Question 28

Decussation

Answer 28

The crossing of neurones across the midline of the CNS

Question 29

Lateral Inhibition

Answer 29

When interneurones inhibit their neighbouring neurones to localise sensation

Question 30

Two Point Discrimination

Answer 30

The ability to tell the difference between two sensory inputs. The smaller the receptive field, the better the discrimination

Question 31

Proprioception

Answer 31

The ability to tell

Question 32

Proprioception

Answer 32

The ability to tell where you are in space

Question 33

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Answer 33

One sided lesion of the spinal cord
Due to trauma
Causes ipsi loss of DCIM
Causes contra loss of AL

Question 34

Allodynia

Answer 34

When a receptor becomes heightened and responds to a normal sensation, making it into a painful one

Question 35

Receptor Field Expansion

Answer 35

When the size of the receptor field increases, so pain is felt in a larger area of the skin/body, rather than localised to where the stimulus is

Question 36

Phantom Limb Pain

Answer 36

When there is pain in a limb post-amputation. Usually occurs when the limb is in pain when amputated e.g. post-trauma, in emergency situations

Question 37

Mixed Pain

Answer 37

In cancer

Has features of both pains

Question 38

Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome

Answer 38

Disease of the extremities
Usually one limb
Associated with a previous trauma
Pain is disproportionate to initial event

Question 39

Nociceptive Pain

Answer 39

After operations or trauma

Similar to visceral pain

Question 40

Neuropathic Pain

Answer 40

Burning/Shooting pain
Pain of neural origin
e.g. neuropathy

Question 41

Homunculus

Answer 41

A representation of the body in the cortex
A map of the anatomical divisions of the body
The topography of the brain

Question 42

Clonus

Answer 42

Muscle spasms: multiple, rhythmic contractions

Question 43

Nystagmus

Answer 43

Uncontrolled movement of the eyes, especially in the lateral gaze and pointing towards the lesion