Neuropathology 1 Flashcards
what are the common primary tumours in brain metastasis
- breast
- melanoma
- lung
kidneys, gut, lymphoma/leukaemia
what are the effects of brain tumours
often none
becomes apparent as a space occupying lesion
- fits
- visual
- drowsiness
- behavioural change
HAEMORRHAGE
What type of lung tumour is often the primary tumour in brain metastasis
small cell undifferentiated
Meningioma Epidemiology
- Sporadic
- Post-irradiation
- Part of NF2
meningioma structure
- at sites of arachnoid
- grossly, well demarcated
- slowly growing
non-invasive, but erosive and compressive
fits, drowsiness and headaches
surgical removal
Gliomas can effect
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendroglia
- Ependyma/Choroid plexus
- Microglia – less than 1%
Glioma names
- Astrocytomas
- Oligodendroglioma
- Ependymoma
- Choroid plexus tumours
- Medulloblastoma and PNET
WHO classification
- I Localised
- II Diffuse
- III Anaplastic astrocytoma
- I Glioblastoma multiforme
Primitive neuroectodermal tumours
- PNET
* Medulloblastoma
• Diagnostic & prognostic
BRAF Fusion Gene and V600E point mutations
- Molecularanalysisof LOH1p/19q in astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas
- IDH1/2mutations better outlook
Prognostic or predictive
Methylation of MGMT in malignant gliomas
Molecular analysis of EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII mutations in GBM
neural peripheral nerve tumours
neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma
other peripheral nerve tumours
- Schwannoma or neurofibroma
* Remember Cranial nerve VIII: acoustic nerve
Schwann cells
myelin sheath, axon support
Schwannoma
within the perineurial sheath in the endoneurium
