Language and cognition Flashcards
cognition
The acquisition, retention and use of information that allows successful behaviour in our complex and changing environment
perceptual qualities
Modal qualities (e.g. pitch, volume, timbre, harmonics for audition
Primary areas receive
unprocessed modality data, association areas (also called higher-order areas) along with sub-cortical components
Multi-sensory integration
Combination of processed sensory perceptions (vision, temperature, sound) are used to determine what is happening, and where it’s happening
Multi-sensory integration – for motor output pathway
- Sensory information about the environs and body project to the primary cortical areas (visual, somatosensory, auditory)
- Information is then passed to the sensory association areas in the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe for integration.
- From there integrated information is shared with the supplementary motor cortex (which is processing information about intent in association with other frontal lobe areas) & thence to the pre- & motor cortex to allow incorporation of sensory input into planned integrated motor events
Synaesthesia
The conflation of sensory experiences from one sensory domain with those from another, or the mixing of two modalities of the same sensory domain
olour-graphemic synaesthesia
Black and white shapes are perceived in colour
what happens when you read the written word
•Visual information is passed to Wernicke’s area via the angular gyrus, and so on to Broca’s area etc.
conduction aphasia occurs when?
occurs when the link between the two areas (the arcuate faciculus) is damaged, and is typified by a reduced ability to repeat spoken words.
conduction aphasia occurs when?
occurs when the link between the two areas (the arcuate faciculus) is damaged, and is typified by a reduced ability to repeat spoken words.
What happens when you hear, understand and repeat spoken words
- Afferent information arrives at the auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area (left temporal lobe).
- Wernicke’s area comprehends the words and passes the information to Broca’s area for sentence construction and syntax.
- Broca’s area stimulates the motor cortex to control the lips & tongue etc.
What happens when you hear, understand and repeat spoken words
- Afferent information arrives at the auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area (left temporal lobe).
- Wernicke’s area comprehends the words and passes the information to Broca’s area for sentence construction and syntax.
- Broca’s area stimulates the motor cortex to control the lips & tongue etc.
aphasia
the partial or complete loss of language abilities following brain damage
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Speech flows but is often nonsensical because the patient has reduced comprehension of speech (their own and sometimes others) consequently sentence meaning is very poor. they also cannot understand written information
Broca’s Aphasia
Also known as motor or non-fluent aphasia Patients have difficulty speaking- often stuttering to find the right word. Patients are aware they are making little sense. They have largely no problem responding to the spoken or written word.
