Neurons/Systems (Indi) Flashcards
What are the two types of Nervous Systems?
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
What are the parts that make up the CNS?
The Brain and the Spinal Cord
Where is the PNS found in the body?
Every other nerve in the body that is not a part of the CNS (brain and spinal cord)
What are the two parts of the PNS? (Including functions)
Somatic (controls voluntary muscle movements and transmits sensory info to the CNS) and Automatic (controls involuntary body functions)
What are the two parts of the Automatic Nervous System? (Including functions)
Sympathetic (prepares the body for action, eg quickens heart rate) and Parasympathetic (slows the body down and conserves energy, eg slows heart rate)
What are the three types of neurons
Motor, Sensory and Interneurons
What do Motor Neurons do?
Motor Neurons send messages and signals from the CNS to the organs and muscles, instruction them to perform a certain action
What do Sensory Neurons do?
Sensory Neurons collect messages and signals from organs and limbs and send them to the CNS
What type of signal do neurons send?
Electrochemical
What are Neurons?
Specialised cells used to transmit signals and messages to and from the body and brain
What are the Dendrites?
They are tree-like extensions from the cell body (at the start of the cell) that increase the surface area of the cell
What is the Soma?
It is the cell body, it if where signals from the dendrites are joined and passed on. The Soma also contains the nucleus
What is the Myelin Sheath?
It is a substance rich in fatty lipids and proteins that covers and protects nerves, allowing a smoother and more efficient flow of messages through the neuron
What is the Axon?
It is the elongated fibre that extends form the cell body to the terminal endings and transmits the neural signal
What are Axon Terminals?
They are located at the end of the axon and are responsible for distributing and passing on signals to other nearby neurons
