Science Inquiry Flashcards
What is an Experimental study? (2 marks)
A study where an test is conducted, determines cause and effect relationships.
What is a Non Experimental study? (1 mark)
A study where no experiment takes place. e.g. case study’s, surveys etc.
What is a Case Study? (2 marks)
Detailed knowledge about an individual or small number of “cases”. No fixed experimental design and no hypothesis.
What is an Observational Study? (1 mark)
Observing an individual or group of peoples behavior in a natural environment.
What is a problem with Observational Study’s? (1 mark)
The observer may be bias towards a certain view. For example the observer may want or expect a certain result so their observations would be bias towards that.
What are the 8 participant rights in ethics? (8 marks)
1) Informed Consent (“Consent doesn’t matter”)
2) Right to withdraw
3) Protection from harm
4) Voluntary participation
5) Privacy
6) Confidentiality
7) Deception
8) Debriefing
What is Protection from Harm?
Protection from physical and mental harm.
What is Informed Consent?
Participants must be fully informed in a way they can understand about what the experiment will do. If the person is under 18 or not able to consent a parent or guardian may consent for them but it must be WRITTEN consent.
“Consent doesn’t matter” Ms. Prout
What are Withdrawal Rights?
Participants have the right to withdraw at any point in time.
What is Confidentiality?
Any information about the participants must be kept confidential to respect the privacy of the participant.
What is Voluntary Participation?
Where the participant participates voluntarily with no pressure or coercion. This includes bribes, offered to pass a course, or CHOCOLATE…
What is Privacy?
Not asking questions irrelevant to the research.
What is Deception?
Participants must be deceived as little as possible and it must not cause any distress to the participant.
What is Debrief?
Participant must receive a full debrief after the research is conducted, including the purpose, addressing any harm, and providing an opportunity to ask questions as well as revealing and deception.
What are the 4 types of sampling?
1) Convenience
2) Random
3) SnowBALLing
4) Stratified.
What is Convenience sampling?
The research collects the sample from places convenient to them, for example a university professor might sample his students.
What is SnowBALL sampling?
The researcher depends on a small sample to identify other potential subjects. This can uncover hidden populations.
What is Random sampling?
Where people from the population are selected at random.
What is Stratified sampling?
Where all groups in the population are represented equally in the sample, for example if there was 58% female in a population the sample should also be 58% female.
What is a population?
The total amount of people that belong to a certain category, for example if the population was Manea students then that would include ALL Manea students.
What is a sample?
A small portion of the population designed to represent the population in a much smaller amount to make tests and research cheaper and easier.
What is an Extraneous Variable?
A variable that may have an impact on the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
What is a Confounding Variable?
A variable that influences both the dependent and independent variable.
What is an Experimenter Effect?
The experimenter accidently conveying to the participants how they should respond or behave, this creates bias.
