Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Test 2 > Neurons & Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurons & Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

The cerebral cortex is responsible for

A

human intellect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If you were to lay the cerebral cortex on a table, it would be the size of

A

a large pillowcase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In order to fit such a large cerebral cortex into our smallish skulls, our brains have what kind of appearance?

A

folded appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The cerebral cortex is divided into what four areas?

A

Frontal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which lobe is responsible for executive function?

A

Frontal Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The frontal lobe plays an important role in what two mental disorders?

A

Substance Abuse

ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Limbic System

A

A complex system of neurons buried deep in the brain that controls learning (storing), memory (recalling), emotions, and basic drives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parts of the limbic system

A

Hippocampus (memory)
Amygdala (emotions)
Hypothalamus (maintains homeostasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of medications interact with neurons in the limbic system?

A

Psychiatric Medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many neurons are in the human brain?

A

About 86 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Do these neurons touch?

A

No. They “communicate” by sending chemicals called neurotransmitters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What have receptors that are triggered by neurotransmitters?

A

Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the electrical discharge that fires down the axon?

A

Action Potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The action potential travels down the axon until it reaches what?

A

Axon Terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inside the terminal, what contains neurotransmitters?

A

Vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The action potential causes vesicles to empty their neurotransmitters into the minuscule gap called what?

A

Synapse

17
Q

As these neurotransmitters diffuse into the synapse, they find their way to what?

A

Postsynaptic Terminals

18
Q

How many neurotransmitters are in the brain?

A

Over 50

19
Q

Which monoamine is used in brain areas that regulate attention, concentration, pleasure, energy, motivation, mood, and muscle movements?

A

Dopamine (DA)

20
Q

Clients who have depression or ADHD would benefit from what?

A

Increasing dopamine levels

21
Q

Which monoamine is used in brain areas that regulate mood, alertness, concentration, and energy?

A

Norepinephrine (NE)

22
Q

Norepinephrine activates what response?

A

“Fight” or “Flight” Response

23
Q

Excessive amounts of norepinephrine can result in what?

A

Anxiety

Depression

24
Q

Which monoamine is used in brain areas that regulate mood, anxiety, sexual desire, and appetite?

A

Serotonin (5-HT)

25
Q

What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

26
Q

What happens to clients who are withdrawing from CNS antidepressants like alcohol?

A

There is often an imbalance between glutamate and the next neurotransmitter.

27
Q

What is the main inhibitor neurotransmitter?

A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

28
Q

What is the brains gas pedal? Break pedal?

A

Gas pedal- Glutamate

Break pedal- GABA

29
Q

What is used in the brain areas that regulate attention and memory?

A

Acetylcholine

30
Q

It is helpful to increase acetylcholine levels in clients who have what diseases?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease

31
Q

What three major ways do neurons terminate a signal?

A

Diffusion
Enzymatic Degradation
Reuptake

32
Q

What happens during diffusion?

A

Once neurotransmitters enter the synapse, they will eventually float away into the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid, where they no longer can activate postsynaptic receptors.

33
Q

What happens during enzymatic degradation?

A

The brain makes enzymes that break apart neurotransmitters. End in -ase
Remember Pac-Man chomping

34
Q

What happens during reuptake?

A

The presynaptic terminal has pumps that can suck neurotransmitters back inside the presynaptic terminal where they can be stored for future use.

Pharm Test 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions