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Pharm Test 2 > Antidepressants > Flashcards

Antidepressants Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common psychiatric illness?

A

Depression

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2
Q

What percent of Americans will experience depression at some point in their lives?

A

30%

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3
Q

What are some non-drug therapies that help treat depression?

A

Excercise
Nutrition
Spiritual Health
Therapy

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4
Q

Common Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

Isocarboxazid
Phenelzine
Selegiline transdermal
Tranylcypromine

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5
Q

MAOIs are prescribed for what?

A

major depression

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6
Q

What is the enzyme that breaks down dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin?

A

Monoamine oxidase

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7
Q

MAOIs increase what in the brain’s synapses?

A

Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

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8
Q

What should clients who are taking MAOIs avoid?

A

Foods that contain tyramine

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9
Q

Rule of thumb for foods containing tyramine

A

“Old” and “Stinky”

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10
Q

What process produces high levels of tyramine in foods?

A

Aging Process

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11
Q

Anytime a client takes an MAOI, what happens to the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels?

A

There is going to be a significant increase in the levels.

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12
Q

Clients must avoid what kind of other drugs that increase these MAOI neurotransmitters?

A

Other antidepressants
Over-the-counter cold medications
Meperidine (pain med)
Triptans (migraine meds)

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13
Q

What will happen is a client uses excessive amounts of tyramine?

A

Their blood pressure will skyrocket.

High norepinephrine levels will do the same.

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14
Q

What is characterized by an altered mental status, high fever, sweating, and clonus?

A

Serotonin Syndrome

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15
Q

What is clonus?

A

An involuntary, rhythmic muscle contraction

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16
Q

Many clients taking MAOIs experience what?

A

Hypertensive Crisis
Serotonin Syndrome
Orthostatic Hypotension

17
Q

Common Trycyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

A

Amitriptyline

Nortriptyline

18
Q

TCAs are prescribed for what?

A

Major Depression
Neuropathic Pain
Anxiety Disorders

19
Q

TCAs work by blocking what?

A

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake pumps.

Serotonin and norepinephrine levels are increased in synapses.

20
Q

TCAs are not selective, so they also block muscarinic cholinergic receptors causing what?

A

Anticholinergic Effects (Can’t See, Can’t Pee, Can’t Spit, Can’t Defocate)

21
Q

Many clients taking TCAs experience what?

A

Anticholinergic Effects
Orthostatic Hypotension
Cardiotoxicity

22
Q

What is the most serious problem with TCAs?

A

They can cause fatal heart dysrhythmias when overdosed. It can also cause suicidal thoughts.

23
Q

Common Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Escitalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline

24
Q

SSRIs are first-line drugs for what?

A

Depression

Anxiety

25
Q

SSRIs are very selective and only block what?

A

Serotonin reuptake pump increasing levels of serotonin in the brain

26
Q

What are some side effects associated with SSRIs?

A 
Stomach troubles
Slow metabolism
Sexual dysfunction
Suicidal ideas
Sedation (except for Fluoxetine)
27
Q

Common Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

A

Duloxetine

Venlafaxine

28
Q

SNRIs are prescribed for what?

A

Major Depression
Neuropathic Pain
Anxiety

29
Q

SNRIs are very selective and only block what?

A

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake pumps

30
Q

What are some side effects associated with SNRIs?

A

Similar to SSRIs (5 S’s) except they can cause hypertension also

31
Q

Bupropion

A

Prescribed for Depression, Smoking Cessation, Adult ADHD
Inhibits reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine
No significant effect on serotonin
INCREASES LIBIDO
Side Effects: Anxiety and Insomnia
Contraindicated in clients with risk of seizures

32
Q

Trazadone

A

Prescribed for Depression and Insomnia
Weak inhibitor of serotonin with strong sedative and anticholinergic effects
Can cause priapism(prolonged, painful erection)

33
Q

Two common themes in clients taking antidepressants

A
  1. It takes a few weeks to start working. Don’t give up!

2. Most have a black box warning regarding an increased risk of suicidal thoughts. Most common <18.

Pharm Test 2 (12 decks)

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