Neurons and synaptic transmission Flashcards
What is the structure of a neuron?
A cell body, dendrites (receives signals from neurons)and an axon.
What do sensory neurons do?
Carry impulses from sensory receptors to the Central Nervous System.
What do motor neurons do?
Form synapses with muscles and glands.
What do relay neurons do?
Allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate.
What is synaptic transmission?
The process by which a nerve impulse passes across the synaptic cleft from one neuron (the presynaptic neuron) to another (the postsynaptic neuron)
How are receptors in the postsynaptic stimulated neuron stimulated?
Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters and they either produce an excitatory or inhibitory effect. Excitatory effect produces new action potential.
What is spatial summation?
A large number of EPSPs are generated at many different synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron at the same time.
What is temporal summation?
A large number of EPSPs are generated at the same synapse by a series of high-frequency action potentials on the presynaptic neuron.
Why does temporal and spatial summation take place?
A nerve call can receive both EPSPs and IPSPs at the same time. The likelihood of the cell firing is therefore determined by adding up excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input.
