Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Neurons > Flashcards

Neurons Flashcards

1
Q

What is an afferent neuron?

A

Moving away from a central organ or point

-messages from receptors to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a sensory neuron?

A
  • messages from receptors to brain or spinal cord

- afferent, unipolar or bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an efferent neuron?

A
  • moving towards a central point

- messages from brain to organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a motor neuron?

A

-messages from brain or spinal cord to organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an interneuron?

A
  • relays message from sensory neuron to motor neuron in the spinal cord
  • make up the brain and spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

-point of bringing in information from other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ribosome

A

Connects proteins in neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Generates proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Golgi

A

Package proteins like a postal service

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

Balls in axon that contain neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Microtubules

A

Transport packaged neurotransmitters down axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Myelin

A

Protects axon and promotes transmission down the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Terminal buttons

A

Collect neurotransmitters in vesicles while they await release. Bus stop of neurotransmitters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What disease is associated with neuronal death?

A

Alzheimers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the characteristics of Alzheimer’s?

A
  • Cerebral atrophy
  • external surface: widened sulci and narrowed gyri, mostly over frontal and parietal regions
  • poor new learning, changed personality, language deficits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What neuronal damage causes dementia?

A
  • neurofibrillary tangles

- amyloid plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an amyloid plaque? What does it cause?

A
  • What is it? cellular trash found in areas with many synapses
  • contains amino acid peptide protein code beta-amyloid
  • What does it cause? affected synapses degenerate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are amyloid plaques found

A

-in places with many synapses in hippocampus, frontal and temporal regions

20
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A
  • twisted ropes in swollen cell body

- tau proteins that accumulate, creating tangles throughout brain including layers iii and iv of cortex

21
Q

Neuropathology also changes associated with dementia

A
  • formation of lewy bodies
  • Lewy body dementia
  • core of granular material with main body composed of ring like filaments and degenerating organelles
  • nonspecific indicator of cell pathology
22
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

-70mV POLARISED

23
Q

What disease is associated with neuronal death? Describe how it presents in the brain

A

Alzheimer’s. Widened sulci, narrowed gyri, shrunken like an old sponge, diagnosis associated with poor learning, changed personality, language deficits

24
Q

What substances/proteins are associated with Alzheimer’s?

A

Neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques & lewy bodies

25
Q

What are lewy bodies?

A

Granular material/various proteins, inside neuron cell bodies, associated with Dementia and Parkinsons

26
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

Passive conduction (instant and decremental) along each myelin segment to next Node of Ranvier, new action potential generated at each node, conduction like this is better than conduction in unmyelinated axons

27
Q

What are the 2 main classifications of neurotransmitters?

A

Small and Large

28
Q

What are the main types of small neurotransmitters?

A

Amino Acids
Monoamines
Acetylcholine
Soluble Gases & endocannabinoids

29
Q

What are some examples of amino acid neurotransmitters?

A

Glutamate,
Gaba
Aspartate & Glycine

30
Q

What is the function of glutamate?

A

Most prevalent excitatory NT in the CNS

31
Q

What is the function of GABA and how is it made?

A

Synthesized from glutamate

Most common inhibitory NT in CNS

32
Q

What are the two types of monoamine NTs?

A

Catecholamines and indolamines

33
Q

What are the types of catecholamines?

A

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine

34
Q

What are the types of indolamines?

A

Seratonin, Melatonin

35
Q

How do you turn dopamine into epinephrine?

A

Tyrosine>L-DOPA>Dopamine>Noradrenaline>Epinephrine

36
Q

How do you create serotonin?

A

Tryptophan>Serotonin

37
Q

How do you create acetylcholine? What is its role?

A

Acetate+Choline=acetylcholine Activating parasympathetic nervous system at neuromuscular junction

38
Q

What are two ways that drugs alter neurotransmitter activity?

A

While still in the neuron or at the synapse junction

39
Q

Define agonists and antagonists

A

Agonists facilitate NT activity, antagonists decrease NT activity

40
Q

What are three examples of agonists?

A

Cocaine, benzos, physostigmine,

41
Q

What are two examples of antagonists?

A

Atropine and Curare

42
Q

What is a disorder of the acetylcholine receptors?

A

Myasthenia Gravis - autoimmune disorder that destroys ACh receptors, treated with drug that decreases the amount of ACh antagonist

43
Q

What is a unipolar neuron?

A

Neuron with 1 pole: 1 route of AP, sensory neuron that transfers information from receptors to higher order neurons e.g. Retinal Ganglion Cell

44
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

A

Neuron with 2 poles: 2 routes of AP, connects adjacent cells, usually in sensory system

45
Q

What is a multipolar neuron?

A

Neuron with multiple poles: multiple routes of AP, transfers info between cells in a single structure; can collect info from many cells e.g. Interneuron

Neuroscience (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions