Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What does the CNS contain?
Brain and spinal cord
What does the PNS contain?
Somatic and autonomic nervous system
What does the somatic nervous system contain?
Afferent and efferent sensory and motor neurons
What does the autonomic nervous system contain?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, Afferent and efferent nerves
What does the autonomic nervous system afferent nerves contain?
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
What is the role of the somatic nervous system?
Voluntary activities such as sensory and motor voluntary
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system
Involuntary activities such as regulating body state and organs
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Relaxation of the body
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
Prepare body for threat
Where is the parasympathetic nervous system?
End of brainstem and end of spinal cord
Where is the sympathetic nervous system?
All areas of spinal cord except for those in parasympathetic
What bodily changes is the parasympathetic nervous system in control of?
- Produce saliva,
- slow heartbeat
- constrict bronchi
- stimulate digestion
- release bile
- contract bladder
What bodily changes does the sympathetic nervous system control?
- stop saliva
- increase heart rate and blood pressure
- open bronchi
- pause digestion
- release bladder
What is the definition of nuclei?
Clusters of cells in the CNS
What is the definition of tracts?
Clusters of axons in the CNS
What is the definition of ganglia?
Clusters of cells in the PNS
What is the definition of nerves?
Cluster of axons in the PNS
What is the definition of a pole?
No. of directions for transmission by a neuron
What are the three names for glial cells and where do these “names” reside?
Oligodendrocytes (CNS), Schwann cells (PNS), astrocytes (CNS)
What are the four types of neurons?
Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, multipolar interneuron
What is a unipolar neuron and where is it found?
Sensory neuron that transfers info from receptor cells to higher nerve cells (has one pole) found in sensory system.
What is a bipolar neuron and where is it found?
Connects adjacent cells, typically in sensory system
What is a multipolar neuron and where is it found?
Transfers info between cells within a single structure, collects info from many cells.
What is an interneuron?
Connects adjacent cells.
What are the main physical protective mechanisms of the brain?
Skull, meninges (dura mater, Pia mater, arachnoid), cerebrospinal fluid
What are the main chemical protective mechanisms of the brain?
Blood brain barrier
What is the blood brain barrier?
Cells along blood vessel walls of CNS that prevent entry of large molecules. Adaptive but can be bad sometimes.
