Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What does the CNS contain?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What does the PNS contain?

Answer 2

Somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 3

What does the somatic nervous system contain?

Answer 3

Afferent and efferent sensory and motor neurons

Question 4

What does the autonomic nervous system contain?

Answer 4

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, Afferent and efferent nerves

Question 5

What does the autonomic nervous system afferent nerves contain?

Answer 5

Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

Question 6

What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 6

Voluntary activities such as sensory and motor voluntary

Question 7

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

Involuntary activities such as regulating body state and organs

Question 8

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 8

Relaxation of the body

Question 9

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 9

Prepare body for threat

Question 10

Where is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 10

End of brainstem and end of spinal cord

Question 11

Where is the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 11

All areas of spinal cord except for those in parasympathetic

Question 12

What bodily changes is the parasympathetic nervous system in control of?

Answer 12

• Produce saliva,
• slow heartbeat
• constrict bronchi
• stimulate digestion
• release bile
• contract bladder

Question 13

What bodily changes does the sympathetic nervous system control?

Answer 13

• stop saliva
• increase heart rate and blood pressure
• open bronchi
• pause digestion
• release bladder

Question 14

What is the definition of nuclei?

Answer 14

Clusters of cells in the CNS

Question 15

What is the definition of tracts?

Answer 15

Clusters of axons in the CNS

Question 16

What is the definition of ganglia?

Answer 16

Clusters of cells in the PNS

Question 17

What is the definition of nerves?

Answer 17

Cluster of axons in the PNS

Question 18

What is the definition of a pole?

Answer 18

No. of directions for transmission by a neuron

Question 19

What are the three names for glial cells and where do these “names” reside?

Answer 19

Oligodendrocytes (CNS), Schwann cells (PNS), astrocytes (CNS)

Question 20

What are the four types of neurons?

Answer 20

Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, multipolar interneuron

Question 21

What is a unipolar neuron and where is it found?

Answer 21

Sensory neuron that transfers info from receptor cells to higher nerve cells (has one pole) found in sensory system.

Question 22

What is a bipolar neuron and where is it found?

Answer 22

Connects adjacent cells, typically in sensory system

Question 23

What is a multipolar neuron and where is it found?

Answer 23

Transfers info between cells within a single structure, collects info from many cells.

Question 24

What is an interneuron?

Answer 24

Connects adjacent cells.

Question 25

What are the main physical protective mechanisms of the brain?

Answer 25

Skull, meninges (dura mater, Pia mater, arachnoid), cerebrospinal fluid

Question 26

What are the main chemical protective mechanisms of the brain?

Answer 26

Blood brain barrier

Question 27

What is the blood brain barrier?

Answer 27

Cells along blood vessel walls of CNS that prevent entry of large molecules. Adaptive but can be bad sometimes.