Neurons

Question 1

Dendrite

Answer 1

Branch-like structure attached to the soma that receives information from the terminal buttons of other neurons

Question 2

Axon

Answer 2

Long, thin, tube transferring information from the soma to the terminal buttons

Question 3

Myelin sheath

Answer 3

Covering over the axon to insulate and increase efficiency and accuracy of message transmission; produced by oligodendrocyte

Question 4

Terminal button

Answer 4

Knob-like structure at the end of a neuron containing neurotransmitters

Question 5

Neurotransmitter

Answer 5

Chemical released from a terminal button that has an excitatory or inhibitory effect on another neuron

Question 6

Sensory neuron

Answer 6

A neuron that gathers information from the environment and sends it to the CNS

Question 7

Motor neuron

Answer 7

A neuron in the CNS that controls movement and glandular activity

Question 8

Interneuron

Answer 8

A neuron working between sensory and motor neurons, located within the CNS

Question 9

Action potential

Answer 9

The brief electrical impulse that causes a rapid reversal of the membrane potential

Question 10

Membrane potential

Answer 10

A balance of diffusion and electrostatic pressure

Question 11

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 11

Potential is regenerated, the message seems to jump from node to node

Question 12

Synapse

Answer 12

Junction between the terminal button of one neuron and the membrane of another

Question 13

Presynaptic membrane

Answer 13

Membrane of a terminal button through which the neurotransmitter is released

Question 14

Postsynaptic membrane

Answer 14

Membrane of the cell that receives the chemical message

Question 15

Synaptic cleft

Answer 15

The space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes filled with extracellular fluid

Question 16

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Answer 16

Excitatory depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane caused by neurotransmitter

Question 17

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (ISPS)

Answer 17

Inhibitory hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane caused by neurotransmitters

Question 18

Reuptake

Answer 18

Removal of neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft by the terminal buttons taking it back up

Question 19

Enzymatic deactivation

Answer 19

Destruction of molecules of neurotransmitter by an enzyme

Question 20

Neuromodulators

Answer 20

Naturally secreted substances that act like neurotransmitters but are not restricted to the synaptic cleft

Question 21

Hormones

Answer 21

Substances produced in and secreted by cells and organs, distributed through the bloodstream, to affect the activity of target cells that contain specialized receptors

Question 22

Soma

Answer 22

Cell body containing the nucleus, filled with cytoplasm containing special structures such as mitochondria