Neurons Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is a sensory neuron
Carry messages from peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system.
What is a relay neuron?
Connects sensory neurons to motor and other relay neurons.
What is a motor neuron?
Connects the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
What is in a neuron?
Soma, nucleus, dendrites, axon, nodes of Ranvier, terminal buttons, myelin sheath.
What does a Soma do
Contain genetic material
What do dendrites do
Carry nerve impulses to the Soma
What do Axons do
Carry nerve pulses away from the soma
What surrounds the Axon
Myelin sheath
What does the myelin sheath do
Speed up transmission
What are the nodes of ranvier
Gaps in the myelin sheath that makes impulse ‘jumps’
What do terminal buttons do
Allow communication with adjacent neurons
What is the gap between neurons called
The synapse
What is the state of Excitation
Positive state
What is the likelihood of firing in Excitation
More likely to fire
What is an example of Excitation
Adrenaline for exercise etc.
What is the state of Inhibition
Negative state
What is the likelihood of firing in Inhibition
Less likely to fire
What is an example of Inhibition
Serotonin for a boost in mood etc.
1st stage of Synaptic transmission
Action potential reaches the end of one neuron at the presynaptic cell, causing summation.
2nd stage of Synaptic transmission
If excitatory, a release of neurotransmitters are triggered from the terminal buttons.
3rd stage of Synaptic transmission
Chemicals are released into the synapse and taken up by the next neuron.
4th stage of Synaptic transmission
Excess neurotransmitter is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell.
5th stage of Synaptic transmission
Chemical message becomes an electrical one, is sent along dendrites towards the soma.
6th stage of Synaptic transmission
Stimulation of postsynaptic receptors results in excitation or inhabitation of post synaptic membrane.
