Neurons

Question 1

What is a nerve? What is a neruron?

Answer 1

• a nerve: is a bundle of fibers that receive and send messages between the body and the brain
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• Neuron = “ building block” of nervous system because the entire system is made of neurons

Question 2

3 types of neurons

Answer 2

1. Sensory neurons
2. Interneurons ( rtelay neurons)
3. motor neurons

Question 3

1. Sensory neurons

Answer 3

Pick up info from your senses to send to your brain

Sensory
Recepter—–> CNS

Question 4

2. Interneurons ( relay neurons)

Answer 4

• only found in CNS

Relay
CNS —> CNS

Question 5

3. Motor neurons

Answer 5

• Move your muscles/ organs/glands
  Directly attached to muscle/glands to move them

Question 6

be able to draw/ label and function of :

Dendrite

Answer 6

Receives info from other neurons and transmits it to the soma.

Question 7

be able to draw/ label and function of :

Soma

Answer 7

Also known as the cell body. This contains the nucleus and maintains the neuron and keeps it functioning.

Question 8

be able to draw/ label and function of :

Axon

Answer 8

This thin tube- like extension that transmits information from the soma to the axon terminal.
The space between two neurons.

Question 9

be able to draw/ label and function of :

Axon terminal

Answer 9

Found at the end of axons, this small structure stores and secretes NEUROTRANSMITTERS.

Question 10

be able to draw/ label and function of :

Myelin

Answer 10

• A white fatty substance that coats the axon
• This insulates the axon and allows the message to pass faster along the axon.

Question 11

vesicles:

Answer 11

• carry neurotransmitters across synaptic gap
• Made out of same substances as cell membrane to be able to merge together.

Question 12

be able to draw/ label and function of :

Synaptic gap

Answer 12

the space between tow neurons

trannsmitions from one neuron to another

Question 13

Labke the synapotic gap

Question 14

be able to draw/ label and function of :

What direction is the electrical impulse ?

Question 15

Neurotransmitters
and their types

Answer 15

Are chemicals that neurons used to communicate with each other

Types:
- Adrenaline ( FFF)
- dopamine ( pleasure)
- Serotonin ( mood)

Question 16

How does neurotransmission work?

Answer 16

1. an electrical pulse causes ACTION POTENTIAL ( ions moving along axon & releases electricity )
2. Neurotransmitters ( in vesicles) merge with axon terminal and release neurotransmitters into synaptic gap.
3. neurotransmitters bind to the receptors of post - synaps and spark another action potential

Question 17

re-uptake

Answer 17

neurotransmitters return to pre-synaps and wait until a new message comes along, is reused

Question 18

How are excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters different?

Answer 18

Excitatory: “ gas pedal”
- Increase likelihood that a neuron will fire and electrical signal
- leading to actions or reactions in the body

Inhibitory: “brake” “slow down”
- decrease likelhood that a neuron will fire
- helps to calm brain and reduce activity

Question 19

Why are neuron messages referred to as electrochemical?

Answer 19

Electrochemical = Neuron messages involve both electrical & chemical proccesses.

• Inside neuron the message is Electrical (IMPLUSE)
• and outside the neuron ( through synaps ) message is in chemical form ( neurotransmiiters)